tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-74605007152872935572024-03-05T22:26:35.115+07:00Mr. Phat LoiThu Duc College Of Technology -
FEEEAdminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comBlogger132125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-22108587454569507822022-06-03T14:48:00.005+07:002022-06-03T14:48:25.756+07:00Xylanh SMC MGPL16 - 50AZ - M9BW<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span style="color: red;">Thông số kỹ thuật:</span></b></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">Bore size/ Đường kính Xylanh: 16mm; </div><div style="text-align: center;">Port Thread Type/Kích thước ren: M5 x 0.8; </div><div style="text-align: center;">Stroke/ Hành trình: 50mm; </div><div style="text-align: center;">Weight/ Khối lượng: ~600g; </div><div style="text-align: center;">Available/Có sẵn: 10 pcs; </div><div style="text-align: center;">GIÁ: 280.000 Đ </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">Hàng tháo máy, còn mới trên 90%. </div><div style="text-align: center;">2 trục dẫn hướng đường kính 8mm. </div><div style="text-align: center;">2 ngõ vào ren M5. </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ4qdkEdRbsw2n6I_czqVD9oaHgmbUi-t8rYu_-JLHC0SDLVncMexMJ5ozaMzqc7AmeDibWviTTQG7wLgoi4M1-vLSHHdl8FuF824RLhvcpfSDkwGfxSOlCfWBL-eQj0NaelWQah9Y2QRv2TJ1ofJwAYUP2FqziRq89XwxN0Xqkm08UaO05zSJGX8G9g/s1024/IMG_5476.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ4qdkEdRbsw2n6I_czqVD9oaHgmbUi-t8rYu_-JLHC0SDLVncMexMJ5ozaMzqc7AmeDibWviTTQG7wLgoi4M1-vLSHHdl8FuF824RLhvcpfSDkwGfxSOlCfWBL-eQj0NaelWQah9Y2QRv2TJ1ofJwAYUP2FqziRq89XwxN0Xqkm08UaO05zSJGX8G9g/w640-h426/IMG_5476.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5mJXn-UvTKu8nps1mmV6Pp7F6sB9lqKmdqv9M3bPmksQ3smMaUnUFMdO_Yfn8IB8mNqG_1ODcfOaSM30inKB5gGXDmpBNmjfl7AiwFYTpI2K6D_1cd958TiwzuQL9DaDyCFCSYGib6oYqRqmpX9Y5ucfvOdiKQF2s4io6_ZGE1jSlyaScxwN6EJFtRQ/s5184/IMG_5473.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5mJXn-UvTKu8nps1mmV6Pp7F6sB9lqKmdqv9M3bPmksQ3smMaUnUFMdO_Yfn8IB8mNqG_1ODcfOaSM30inKB5gGXDmpBNmjfl7AiwFYTpI2K6D_1cd958TiwzuQL9DaDyCFCSYGib6oYqRqmpX9Y5ucfvOdiKQF2s4io6_ZGE1jSlyaScxwN6EJFtRQ/w640-h426/IMG_5473.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiHtNGgO1GB5YORQ37hzpE6_TMQaUCMXZGlRzP4aSHsS8fYirxTFxYHaWymJsYeNqZnA_UrV0f5pB29XSay7urXwHpdFmCNGFI_WT-k5TdQM3Prl8HjNSApNEKd0_GMzbgTi-7Eh5YMe6mVMMex8IwZw5_bFNYVGKTfutPNNG6rxOh66kS8_9LHyXevQ/s5184/IMG_5474.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiHtNGgO1GB5YORQ37hzpE6_TMQaUCMXZGlRzP4aSHsS8fYirxTFxYHaWymJsYeNqZnA_UrV0f5pB29XSay7urXwHpdFmCNGFI_WT-k5TdQM3Prl8HjNSApNEKd0_GMzbgTi-7Eh5YMe6mVMMex8IwZw5_bFNYVGKTfutPNNG6rxOh66kS8_9LHyXevQ/w640-h426/IMG_5474.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIICD0QEC64Dg9AcJcEBNwNoRpikt0G6bCwcN7XZ8C18zlDgjEbYv9ZDi5W1NsHfuUkwc8zo6hkd9r7GKkbPnOv_Lbd1eb1exwT-K4_7ahp5kVLxpw2OJNcWPPpIbkNqIXmsKs2gQuilA0K3ovFzURcAQtWR_4FuBztKlYBxwe2l5UbrUjbcvN4Nvxkg/s5184/IMG_5475.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIICD0QEC64Dg9AcJcEBNwNoRpikt0G6bCwcN7XZ8C18zlDgjEbYv9ZDi5W1NsHfuUkwc8zo6hkd9r7GKkbPnOv_Lbd1eb1exwT-K4_7ahp5kVLxpw2OJNcWPPpIbkNqIXmsKs2gQuilA0K3ovFzURcAQtWR_4FuBztKlYBxwe2l5UbrUjbcvN4Nvxkg/w640-h426/IMG_5475.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_QFUWImNGd3XTH8Tp_g0L_HMa7zLRacmbWHTUrK2UIV19O3vUb39LMVDJTE_VHi0wAr12ErLythsrgilrJwz3G81PhQEFOhY_qEfTUzW21xN51khd2X0JAGnljdK48WLhpCXanC6Po8xTz-xr9-ZYI2yNuZxypUSfcvGZxFfPUYShrdZFpUlQmmmMjw/s5184/IMG_5476.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_QFUWImNGd3XTH8Tp_g0L_HMa7zLRacmbWHTUrK2UIV19O3vUb39LMVDJTE_VHi0wAr12ErLythsrgilrJwz3G81PhQEFOhY_qEfTUzW21xN51khd2X0JAGnljdK48WLhpCXanC6Po8xTz-xr9-ZYI2yNuZxypUSfcvGZxFfPUYShrdZFpUlQmmmMjw/w640-h426/IMG_5476.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbrKprStAQuaAU0cuXzSRNkr8RiupCg5oVN7mkgDCffTrMFyDJzoRJ6c1xl2FZhm6IL93Xx5ZJKU8RV09D1ssOX5UyKn-llWjygeNKzEXLGVIXevon-qDi5w0syG3ygcQ_FIbMt44QierhjMmQdVgU7lMak3uMZZv9pFSiZkcQwJcIhvhYks9dbb85zA/s5184/IMG_5477.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbrKprStAQuaAU0cuXzSRNkr8RiupCg5oVN7mkgDCffTrMFyDJzoRJ6c1xl2FZhm6IL93Xx5ZJKU8RV09D1ssOX5UyKn-llWjygeNKzEXLGVIXevon-qDi5w0syG3ygcQ_FIbMt44QierhjMmQdVgU7lMak3uMZZv9pFSiZkcQwJcIhvhYks9dbb85zA/w640-h426/IMG_5477.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0kE9X4pXq98sU0Fqn_rylH9Lep65YGR8jZugkdCk6zICJQOwTWZeIbMak5y9zjj-ga3zB6flj3KjtA-UzXpBDxN0BG8zxolKQxaxXIZz_-vtz-m0sIgaATFA42itV-OwZoADAI7q4i7pOztNFFqZ6dUmxjEb8Gw3NQgAlM4KwM0CNsLukWdXWKt61kg/s5184/IMG_5478.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0kE9X4pXq98sU0Fqn_rylH9Lep65YGR8jZugkdCk6zICJQOwTWZeIbMak5y9zjj-ga3zB6flj3KjtA-UzXpBDxN0BG8zxolKQxaxXIZz_-vtz-m0sIgaATFA42itV-OwZoADAI7q4i7pOztNFFqZ6dUmxjEb8Gw3NQgAlM4KwM0CNsLukWdXWKt61kg/w640-h426/IMG_5478.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ-MWAFQSIme6kUPITRqTymU34iY0ekUgkJAuxn-3PT16hp0MKN17EUIrZA0GZSxJBnXf0nkw6L6zoby02SnRJ_NVR0-rrbHYiuowNPh_O9i4kI9CVS41p-mlWAMPsewO-T2PH3D_8WM5-PTS0rb-R6JwAz-ZrmF0J0sUvD2XyuBk0dnG2AXQWaipizA/s5184/IMG_5479.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ-MWAFQSIme6kUPITRqTymU34iY0ekUgkJAuxn-3PT16hp0MKN17EUIrZA0GZSxJBnXf0nkw6L6zoby02SnRJ_NVR0-rrbHYiuowNPh_O9i4kI9CVS41p-mlWAMPsewO-T2PH3D_8WM5-PTS0rb-R6JwAz-ZrmF0J0sUvD2XyuBk0dnG2AXQWaipizA/w640-h426/IMG_5479.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVAty4RWekomi5fO0N3itM-MXcbiWLoxZ0dwTLC4KkQT4wkub3fcKz2nbbsVJpogn1Wic6X_uRJy-NF9DNndjtF45O0znVJzMv6gR-7waHfrQrddQ7hSunpgrNi8Pg16j6rERjcUoIp0L-MHdcLpjlFI0VFZr9gxzAIJalyyjK8TaEHpABlT_ktpgepg/s5184/IMG_5480.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVAty4RWekomi5fO0N3itM-MXcbiWLoxZ0dwTLC4KkQT4wkub3fcKz2nbbsVJpogn1Wic6X_uRJy-NF9DNndjtF45O0znVJzMv6gR-7waHfrQrddQ7hSunpgrNi8Pg16j6rERjcUoIp0L-MHdcLpjlFI0VFZr9gxzAIJalyyjK8TaEHpABlT_ktpgepg/w640-h426/IMG_5480.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja-1eJQc4pdAsBmXYo7jqbEZ8vEcybt53E1MtSmE1M0A81T60jQG4q0c9ySrnmd0HMlReQUFhli36dRQrgBRGFUMF-_YPoKpoWsERqt3zlEcoXg_pL7XbQe6AGYAauxw07FDiFWgzAOsKkfbp2XdYxGszI_a1jZpWQijHzStoAN_cpFgown0bBCb_DMQ/s5184/IMG_5481.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja-1eJQc4pdAsBmXYo7jqbEZ8vEcybt53E1MtSmE1M0A81T60jQG4q0c9ySrnmd0HMlReQUFhli36dRQrgBRGFUMF-_YPoKpoWsERqt3zlEcoXg_pL7XbQe6AGYAauxw07FDiFWgzAOsKkfbp2XdYxGszI_a1jZpWQijHzStoAN_cpFgown0bBCb_DMQ/w640-h426/IMG_5481.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmtk8byrmznyaSN1zB0muHkQY0ULV1dPRWZeZqVKaDLcS-FrpEIJRIWgJhWJdVB03qEaXImPHp4UPOuYAHz3w8Y-9UWOtPvAPoU-ofZuB5CBWZ5bVynWq2UMQBBZ0F1WzVrkLOUmHUWycC3VXjFIVW1SnIxblwGgVv2duiwnOjnHhcmYC-rpevSy3-nQ/s5184/IMG_5482.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmtk8byrmznyaSN1zB0muHkQY0ULV1dPRWZeZqVKaDLcS-FrpEIJRIWgJhWJdVB03qEaXImPHp4UPOuYAHz3w8Y-9UWOtPvAPoU-ofZuB5CBWZ5bVynWq2UMQBBZ0F1WzVrkLOUmHUWycC3VXjFIVW1SnIxblwGgVv2duiwnOjnHhcmYC-rpevSy3-nQ/w640-h426/IMG_5482.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrKfyPSkkMNSWiKf4Rj5xrqh4Cpr6uyQY2v6F1uHT4UDS-5cwy0eC5CseQyUkaXj9lyjKk5QyBxNv-lw5UbyAukketMdWi1bpQdA_gGUlvc7zUbZDPhsmofgz1ObMMJhMtlsTOAThbgaxbgr9z1fb3t0gfudH3eGC2cRizL6qkD3NLnCB9K4FXshx3sw/s5184/IMG_5483.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrKfyPSkkMNSWiKf4Rj5xrqh4Cpr6uyQY2v6F1uHT4UDS-5cwy0eC5CseQyUkaXj9lyjKk5QyBxNv-lw5UbyAukketMdWi1bpQdA_gGUlvc7zUbZDPhsmofgz1ObMMJhMtlsTOAThbgaxbgr9z1fb3t0gfudH3eGC2cRizL6qkD3NLnCB9K4FXshx3sw/w640-h426/IMG_5483.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtXS7l2Z5xY4ZcCEsd5awkDFaDnni5PLU4V14Lhx3m2s_BOejtua6N_d_HGNvBl9Mmyju52t0aZp21m4sDLWMFI1_HneM_b-CjBfRNgbNY8gcifAaqPXGvZXQufbwu7SSFcV-v65uk3gCXH3UeAkqjc0p8-4QHob4mhUm0Q2Zdmx6-4lSLpvacxEty-A/s5184/IMG_5485.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtXS7l2Z5xY4ZcCEsd5awkDFaDnni5PLU4V14Lhx3m2s_BOejtua6N_d_HGNvBl9Mmyju52t0aZp21m4sDLWMFI1_HneM_b-CjBfRNgbNY8gcifAaqPXGvZXQufbwu7SSFcV-v65uk3gCXH3UeAkqjc0p8-4QHob4mhUm0Q2Zdmx6-4lSLpvacxEty-A/w640-h426/IMG_5485.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0mm1YrlSXBqG6_MuN23KVeGGmj_8IQQcAHIDmWilgaSMKyGp-dfFvcX5AuRfZb_wOAdW5wi4Q06yB1hVgAQRA6kmP2xs_ahEdbsbZt47a_pch5YyRG6FocB4JubXqmX7iaBdTYmGX-a9_Tu4JAZw6wZDrFt7-TJfvHyUbHP0-Q3qcrX-0p3i4IxN2kg/s5184/IMG_5487.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0mm1YrlSXBqG6_MuN23KVeGGmj_8IQQcAHIDmWilgaSMKyGp-dfFvcX5AuRfZb_wOAdW5wi4Q06yB1hVgAQRA6kmP2xs_ahEdbsbZt47a_pch5YyRG6FocB4JubXqmX7iaBdTYmGX-a9_Tu4JAZw6wZDrFt7-TJfvHyUbHP0-Q3qcrX-0p3i4IxN2kg/w640-h426/IMG_5487.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></span>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-3897648219464739992021-08-29T20:45:00.004+07:002021-08-29T20:53:07.018+07:00Thư viện AutoCAD: MCCB, Contactor...<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0lxRd3I-cgUjSTQtBYiC4hZvj1-MiaETw-lonrOaGBsu3IqzTtGogXnZCbAq9dwe337EkJ2R_hS9RQQFzOYSLCjIjDaDeRF6LXJDy27dBG_nZlqtWFrQq5jVzzdWw317l1TBLQBC-27Nc/s480/hqdefault.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="480" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0lxRd3I-cgUjSTQtBYiC4hZvj1-MiaETw-lonrOaGBsu3IqzTtGogXnZCbAq9dwe337EkJ2R_hS9RQQFzOYSLCjIjDaDeRF6LXJDy27dBG_nZlqtWFrQq5jVzzdWw317l1TBLQBC-27Nc/s320/hqdefault.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>Thư viện CAD tủ điện cung cấp bản vẽ các thiết bị thông dụng sử dụng trong tủ điện như MCCB, MCB, Contator, Relay...<br /><p><br /></p><p>Link download: <a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/s39cs6j4oqx0t85/MCB+MCCB+CONTACTOR.rar/file">https://www.mediafire.com/file/s39cs6j4oqx0t85/MCB+MCCB+CONTACTOR.rar/file</a></p><p>Password: nguyenphatloi.com</p>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-61916992963576031452021-08-02T09:16:00.003+07:002021-08-02T09:18:56.964+07:00Ampe giờ (Ah) là gì ? Cách chọn Pin, Acquy<div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjQvgPMIgdzap9-EZe2AXsLl3AeEobMtGCuOFhlOCs67XB4gyVzix7EcT-LcyL3A7x9kpcNF-lKLx_EW8mOB_NT2pNYJoawTAztJEPrs2SDsNGeTD9VzgUjNPL9Ob1JbFiXxfbfMCPHlRx/s452/AH-BATTERY-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="452" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjQvgPMIgdzap9-EZe2AXsLl3AeEobMtGCuOFhlOCs67XB4gyVzix7EcT-LcyL3A7x9kpcNF-lKLx_EW8mOB_NT2pNYJoawTAztJEPrs2SDsNGeTD9VzgUjNPL9Ob1JbFiXxfbfMCPHlRx/s320/AH-BATTERY-1.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Ah là viết tắt của Ampere – hours dịch là Ampe * giờ là đơn vị đo điện tích ắc quy hay dung lượng của bình ắc quy. Ah đơn giản chỉ là tích số giữa dòng điện phóng với thời gian phóng điện. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Hiểu 1 cách nôm na là lượng điện mà ắc quy đó sau khi đã được nạp đầy sẽ phát ra được trước khi hiệu điện thế giảm xuống đến mức “cắt”.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">1 Ah là điện lượng do dòng điện một chiều cường độ 1 A tải đi trong một giờ; 1 Ah = 3600 C (culông). Một Ampe giờ có thể được chia thành 1.000mAh (mili Ampe giờ) thường được sử dụng trong pin điện thoại hoặc chia nhỏ hơn thành mAs (mili Ampe giây).</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">“Điện áp cắt” hay còn gọi là “ Điện áp ngắt” là mức mà bạn không nên để ắc quy phát điện tiếp, nếu cứ để acquy phát điện ở dưới mức ngừng thì sẽ:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li>Giảm tuổi thọ. Ví dụ: nếu ắc quy còn 80% mà đã nạp thì tuổi thọ khoảng 25.000 chu kỳ, còn nếu để còn 20% mới nạp thì tuổi thọ khoảng 7000 chu kỳ.</li><li>Hỏng ắc quy hoàn toàn. Điều này thường xảy ra khi dùng nhiều ắc quy mắc nối tiếp nhau khi 1 hay nhiều acquy trong dãy đó đã phát hết điện mà những cái khác chưa hết điện và ta tiếp tục dùng thì ắc quy hết điện trước sẽ bị đảo cực và hỏng hoàn toàn.</li></ul></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Điện áp cắt được qui định bởi nhà sản xuất và phụ thuộc vào dòng phóng. Ví dụ: ắc quy 12V 100Ah thì điện áp ngắt mỗi cell là 1.75V ứng với dòng phóng 0,1~0,2C10 và điện áp ngắt của ắc quy là 1.75V * 6 = 10.5V</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Thời gian sử dụng của ắc quy phụ thuộc vào dung lượng của ắc quy và công suất của tải theo công thức dưới đây:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: red;">t = A * V * ƞ/ P</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Trong đó:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li>t: là thời gian sử dụng của ắc quy (giờ)</li><li>A: Dung lượng của ắc quy (Ah)</li><li>V: Điện áp ắc quy (VDC)</li></ul></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">ƞ: Hệ số sử dụng của ắc quy (Accu) và thay đổi theo mức xả của ắc quy. Cụ thể:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li>η ≈ 0.8, 0.9 nếu dòng xả accu < 20% dung lượng accu.</li><li>η ≈ 0.7 nếu dòng xả accu 20% ~ 70 %dung lượng accu.</li><li>η ≈ 0.6, 0.5 nếu dòng xả accu >70 % dung lượng accu.</li></ul></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Vì vậy có thể lấy trung bình ƞ = 0,7.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">P: công suất tải (W)</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Ví dụ bạn sử dụng 1 <a href="https://bachhoamini.com/san-pham/binh-ac-quy-gs/">bình ắc quy</a> 12V chỉ số Ah: 100Ah để cung cấp cho một máy tính có công suất 350W thì thời gian sử dụng sẽ bằng: t = 100 x 12 x 0,7 / 350 = 2,4 giờ.</div></span>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-79522986166607746962019-09-16T03:23:00.001+07:002019-09-16T03:25:46.613+07:00Electrical wiring<div class="first-paragraph" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_KR9imbgoKafLqjlgfytPkyCbboOQEZFm1JrFC2S4YEiWAK1az5WoAC_zFW9hRsdKnmwx1h4Lo0_XTqr_sH1qdp86me_peEJhEEqS0713YYtTRhIKn-0-fCXmw_pjbim03hnYz0L9X8Nc/s1600/640px-Leitungsende_Abisoliert_en.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="306" data-original-width="640" height="153" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_KR9imbgoKafLqjlgfytPkyCbboOQEZFm1JrFC2S4YEiWAK1az5WoAC_zFW9hRsdKnmwx1h4Lo0_XTqr_sH1qdp86me_peEJhEEqS0713YYtTRhIKn-0-fCXmw_pjbim03hnYz0L9X8Nc/s320/640px-Leitungsende_Abisoliert_en.svg.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span>
<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Electrical wiring</span> is an <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electric_power" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="Electric power">electrical</a> installation of cabling and associated devices such as switches, distribution boards, sockets, and light fittings in a structure.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
Wiring is subject to safety standards for design and installation. Allowable <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Wire" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="Wire">wire</a> and <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_cable" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="Electrical cable">cable</a> types and sizes are specified according to the circuit operating <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Voltage" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="Voltage">voltage</a> and <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electric_current" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="">electric current</a> capability, with further restrictions on the environmental conditions, such as ambient temperature range, moisture levels, and exposure to sunlight and chemicals.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
Associated circuit protection, control and distribution devices within a building's wiring system are subject to voltage, current and functional specification. Wiring safety codes vary by locality, country or region. The <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="">International Electrotechnical Commission</a> (IEC) is attempting to harmonise wiring standards amongst member countries, but significant variations in design and installation requirements still exist.<br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 2.32em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Wiring_codes_of_practice_and_regulations" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Wiring codes of practice and regulations</span></h2>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "lora" , serif; font-size: 16.5px;">Wiring installation codes and regulations are intended to protect people and property from </span><a class="mw-redirect int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_shock" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="Electrical shock">electrical shock</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "lora" , serif; font-size: 16.5px;"> and fire hazards. They are usually based on a model code (with or without local amendments) produced by a national or international standards organisation, such as the </span><a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="">IEC</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "lora" , serif; font-size: 16.5px;">.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "lora" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 16.5px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 1.65em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Australia_and_New_Zealand" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Australia and New Zealand</span><a class="edit_section tooltip_top tooltipstered" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrical_wiring&action=edit&section=2" style="background: url("img/sprite.609db4c4.svg") -194px -162px no-repeat; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; display: inline-block; height: 26px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transform: translateX(10px); transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; width: 26px;" target="_blank"></a></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
<span id="AS3000" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></span>In Australia and New Zealand, the AS/NZS 3000 standard, commonly known as the "wiring rules", specifies requirements for the selection and installation of electrical equipment, and the design and testing of such installations. The standard is mandatory in both New Zealand and Australia; therefore, all electrical work covered by the standard must comply.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 1.65em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Europe" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Europe</span><a class="edit_section tooltip_top tooltipstered" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrical_wiring&action=edit&section=3" style="background: url("img/sprite.609db4c4.svg") -194px -162px no-repeat; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; display: inline-block; height: 26px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transform: translateX(10px); transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; width: 26px;" target="_blank"></a></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
In European countries, an attempt has been made to harmonise national wiring standards in an <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a> standard, <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/IEC_60364" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="IEC 60364">IEC 60364</a> <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Electrical Installations for Buildings</i>. Hence national standards follow an identical system of sections and chapters. However, this standard is not written in such language that it can readily be adopted as a national wiring code. Neither is it designed for field use by electrical tradesmen and inspectors for testing compliance with national wiring standards. By contrast, national codes, such as the NEC or CSA C22.1, generally exemplify the common objectives of IEC 60364, but provide specific rules in a form that allows for guidance of those installing and inspecting electrical systems.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 1.65em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Germany" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Germany</span><a class="edit_section tooltip_top tooltipstered" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrical_wiring&action=edit&section=4" style="background: url("img/sprite.609db4c4.svg") -194px -162px no-repeat; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; display: inline-block; height: 26px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transform: translateX(10px); transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; width: 26px;" target="_blank"></a></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
In Germany, <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Deutsche_Kommission_Elektrotechnik_Elektronik_Informationstechnik_im_DIN_und_VDE" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="Deutsche Kommission Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik im DIN und VDE">DKE</a> (the German Commission for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies of <a class="mw-redirect int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/DIN" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="DIN">DIN</a> and <a class="mw-redirect int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Verband_der_Elektrotechnik,_Elektronik_und_Informationstechnik" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="">VDE</a>) is the organisation responsible for the promulgation of electrical standards and safety specifications. DIN VDE 0100 is the German wiring regulations document harmonised with IEC 60364.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 1.65em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="North_America" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">North America</span></h3>
<div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
The first electrical codes in the United States originated in <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/New_York_(state)" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="New York (state)">New York</a> in 1881 to regulate installations of electric lighting. Since 1897 the US <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/National_Fire_Protection_Association" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="">National Fire Protection Association</a>, a private non-profit association formed by insurance companies, has published the <i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="mw-redirect int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/National_Electrical_Code_(US)" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="">National Electrical Code</a></i> (NEC). States, counties or cities often include the NEC in their local building codes by reference along with local differences. The NEC is modified every three years. It is a consensus code considering suggestions from interested parties. The proposals are studied by committees of <a class="mw-redirect int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Engineers" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="Engineers">engineers</a>, <a class="mw-redirect int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Tradesmen" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="Tradesmen">tradesmen</a>, manufacturer representatives, fire fighters and other invitees.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
Since 1927, the <a class="mw-redirect int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Canadian_Standards_Association" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="Canadian Standards Association">Canadian Standards Association</a> (CSA) has produced the Canadian <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Safety Standard for Electrical Installations</i>, which is the basis for provincial electrical codes. The CSA also produces the <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Canadian_Electrical_Code" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="Canadian Electrical Code">Canadian Electrical Code</a>, the 2006 edition of which references <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/IEC_60364" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="IEC 60364">IEC 60364</a> (<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Electrical Installations for Buildings</i>) and states that the code addresses the fundamental principles of electrical protection in Section 131. The Canadian code reprints Chapter 13 of IEC 60364, but there are no numerical criteria listed in that chapter to assess the adequacy of any electrical installation.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
Although the US and Canadian national standards deal with the same physical phenomena and broadly similar objectives, they differ occasionally in technical detail. As part of the <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA) program, US and Canadian standards are slowly converging toward each other, in a process known as harmonisation.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 1.65em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="United_Kingdom" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">United Kingdom</span><a class="edit_section tooltip_top tooltipstered" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrical_wiring&action=edit&section=6" style="background: url("img/sprite.609db4c4.svg") -194px -162px no-repeat; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; display: inline-block; height: 26px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transform: translateX(10px); transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; width: 26px;" target="_blank"></a></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
In the United Kingdom, wiring installations are regulated by the <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Institution_of_Engineering_and_Technology" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="Institution of Engineering and Technology">Institution of Engineering and Technology</a> <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">Requirements for Electrical Installations: IEE Wiring Regulations, <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/BS_7671" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="BS 7671">BS 7671</a>: 2008,</i> which are harmonised with IEC 60364. The 17th edition (issued in January 2008) included new sections for <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Microgeneration" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="Microgeneration">microgeneration</a> and <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Photovoltaic_system" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="Photovoltaic system">solar photovoltaic systems</a>. The first edition was published in 1882. In 2018, the 18th edition of the wiring regulations BS7671:2018 was released and came into force in January 2019. Although BS 7671 is the standard to which the UK electrical industry generally adheres, compliance with BS 7671 is not a legal requirement</div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 2.32em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Colour_coding_of_wiring_by_region" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Colour coding of wiring by region</span></h2>
<div>
<div class="" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
In a typical <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_code" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="">electrical code</a>, some colour-coding of wires is mandatory. Many local rules and exceptions exist per country, state or region.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.53em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#citenote1" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">[1]</a></span> Older installations vary in colour codes, and colours may fade with insulation exposure to heat, light and ageing.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 1.65em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Europe_2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Europe</span><a class="edit_section tooltip_top tooltipstered" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrical_wiring&action=edit&section=8" style="background: url("img/sprite.609db4c4.svg") -194px -162px no-repeat; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; display: inline-block; height: 26px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transform: translateX(10px); transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; width: 26px;" target="_blank"></a></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
As of March 2011, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) requires the use of green/yellow colour cables as protective conductors, blue as neutral conductors and brown as single-phase conductors.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 1.65em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="United_States" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">United States</span><a class="edit_section tooltip_top tooltipstered" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrical_wiring&action=edit&section=9" style="background: url("img/sprite.609db4c4.svg") -194px -162px no-repeat; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; display: inline-block; height: 26px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transform: translateX(10px); transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; width: 26px;" target="_blank"></a></h3>
<table class="section_info" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="icon" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 26px;"><i style="background: url("img/sprite.609db4c4.svg") -120px -256px no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 30px; position: relative; width: 26px;"></i></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 0px 5px;">
Main article: <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring_in_North_America" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="">Electrical wiring in North America</a></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
The United States <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/National_Electrical_Code" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="">National Electrical Code</a> requires a bare copper, or green or green/yellow insulated protective conductor, a white or grey neutral, with any other colour used for single phase. The NEC also requires the high-leg conductor of a <a class="int-link tooltipstered" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/High-leg_delta" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">high-leg delta</a> system to have orange insulation, or to be identified by other suitable means such as tagging. Prior to the adoption of orange as the suggested colour for the high-leg in the 1971 NEC, it was common practice in some areas to use red for this purpose.<span class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="border: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.53em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;">[<i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;"><span data-title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">citation needed</span></a></i>]</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
The introduction of the NEC clearly states that it is not intended to be a design manual, and therefore creating a colour code for ungrounded or "hot" conductors falls outside the scope and purpose of the NEC. However, it is a common misconception that "hot" conductor colour-coding is required by the Code.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
In the United States, colour-coding of three-phase system conductors follows a de facto standard, wherein black, red, and blue are used for three-phase 120/208-volt systems, and brown, orange, and yellow are used in 277/480-volt systems. In buildings with multiple voltage systems, the grounded conductors (neutrals) of both systems are required to be separately identified and made distinguishable to avoid cross-system connections. Most often, 120/208-volt systems use white insulation, while 277/480-volt systems use grey insulation, although this particular colour code is not currently an explicit requirement of the NEC.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.53em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#citenote3" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">[3]</a></span> Some local jurisdictions do specify required color coding in their local building codes, however.</div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 1.65em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="United_Kingdom_2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">United Kingdom</span><a class="edit_section tooltip_top tooltipstered" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrical_wiring&action=edit&section=10" style="background: url("img/sprite.609db4c4.svg") -194px -162px no-repeat; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; display: inline-block; height: 26px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transform: translateX(10px); transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; width: 26px;" target="_blank"></a></h3>
<table class="section_info" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle;"><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="icon" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 26px;"><i style="background: url("img/sprite.609db4c4.svg") -120px -256px no-repeat; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: 30px; position: relative; width: 26px;"></i></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 0px 5px;">
Main article: <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="">Electrical wiring in the United Kingdom</a></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
The <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/United_Kingdom" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> requires the use of wire covered with green/yellow striped insulation, for safety earthing (grounding) connections.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.53em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#citenote4" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">[4]</a></span> This growing international standard was adopted for its distinctive appearance, to reduce the likelihood of dangerous confusion of safety earthing (grounding) wires with other electrical functions, especially by persons affected by red-green <a class="mw-redirect int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Colour_blindness" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="">colour blindness</a>.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
In the UK, phases could be identified as being live by using coloured indicator lights: red, yellow and blue. The new cable colours of brown, black and grey do not lend themselves to coloured indicators. For this reason, three-phase control panels will often use indicator lights of the old colours.<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.53em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#citenote5" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">[5]</a></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 16.5px; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 2.32em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Colours,_fixed_and_flexible_cable" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Colours, fixed and flexible cable</span><a class="edit_section tooltip_top tooltipstered" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrical_wiring&action=edit&section=11" style="background: url("img/sprite.609db4c4.svg") -194px -162px no-repeat; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; display: inline-block; height: 26px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transform: translateX(10px); transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; width: 26px;" target="_blank"></a></h2>
<table class="wikitable" data-is-image-wrapper="false" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: #544e52; font-family: Lora, serif; font-size: 15.675px; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; width: auto;"><caption style="border-bottom: none !important; border-image: initial; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Standard<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#citenote6" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">[a]</a></span> wire insulation colours</caption><tbody style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><th colspan="4" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.1em; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Flexible cable (e.g., <a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Extension_cord" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="Extension cord">extension</a>, power, and <a class="mw-redirect int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Lamp_cord" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="Lamp cord">lamp</a> cords)</th></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><th style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.1em; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Region or country</th><th style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.1em; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Phases</th><th style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.1em; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Neutral</th><th style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.1em; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Protective earth/ground</th></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Argentina, European Union, South Africa (<a class="int-link tooltipstered" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/IEC_60446" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">IEC 60446</a>)</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="immediate ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_brown.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="immediate ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_blue.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Australia, New Zealand (AS/NZS 3000:2007 3.8.1, 3.8.3)</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_brown.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_red.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
(previously), "any colour other than green, yellow, green/yellow, black or light blue"</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_light_blue.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Color_wire_light_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_light_blue.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Color_wire_light_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_light_blue.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_black.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
(previously)</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
(previously)</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Brazil<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#citenote7" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">[6]</a></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_black.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_brown.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_red.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_orange.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Color_wire_orange.svg/160px-Color_wire_orange.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Color_wire_orange.svg/160px-Color_wire_orange.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_grey.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Color_wire_grey.svg/160px-Color_wire_grey.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Color_wire_grey.svg/160px-Color_wire_grey.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_white.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">
Any color may be used for flexible cable phases, excluding green and green/yellow striped.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">
</div>
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
For safety reasons, yellow should not be used when green/yellow striped cables are present.<br />
<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">
</div>
<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">
</div>
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_light_blue.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Color_wire_light_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_light_blue.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Color_wire_light_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_light_blue.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
Blue can be used for phases inside flexible cables when no neutral is present.<br />
<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_light_blue.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Color_wire_light_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_light_blue.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Color_wire_light_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_light_blue.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
(light blue)</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">China (PRC)</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_red.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_black.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_blue.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">United States, Canada (120 V)</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_black.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
<span style="background-color: #b5a642; border: 1px solid rgb(0 , 0 , 0); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> </span> metallic brass</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_white.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />
<span style="background-color: silver; border: 1px solid rgb(0 , 0 , 0); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> </span> metallic silver</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
;<br />
<span style="background-color: green; border: 1px solid rgb(0 , 0 , 0); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> </span>, <span style="background: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, green, green 0.5em, yellow 0.5em, yellow 1em) green; border: 1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> </span> green/yellow striped</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">United States, Canada (split-phase 240 V)<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#citenote8" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">[7]</a></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_black.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_red.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_white.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
;<br />
<span style="background-color: green; border: 1px solid rgb(0 , 0 , 0); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> </span>, <span style="background: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, green, green 0.5em, yellow 0.5em, yellow 1em) green; border: 1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> </span> green/yellow striped</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><th colspan="4" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.1em; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Fixed cable (e.g., in-, on-, or behind-the-wall cables)</th></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><th style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.1em; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Region or country</th><th style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.1em; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Phases</th><th style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.1em; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Neutral</th><th style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.1em; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Protective earth/ground</th></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Argentina; China; European Union (<a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/IEC_60446" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;" title="IEC 60446">IEC 60446</a>) from April 2004; the United Kingdom from 31 March 2004 (BS 7671); Hong Kong from July 2007; Singapore from March 2009; Russia since 2009 (GOST R 50462); Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_brown.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_black.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_grey.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Color_wire_grey.svg/160px-Color_wire_grey.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Color_wire_grey.svg/160px-Color_wire_grey.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_blue.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-sleeve_9-0" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#citenotesleeve9" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">[b]</a></span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">India, Pakistan; United Kingdom, prior to 31 March 2004 (BS 7671); Hong Kong, prior to 2009; Malaysia and Singapore, prior to February 2011</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_red.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_blue.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_black.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="plainlist" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<ul style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-sleeve_9-1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#citenotesleeve9" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">[b]</a></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
(previously)</li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_bare_copper.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_bare_copper.svg/160px-Color_wire_bare_copper.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_bare_copper.svg/160px-Color_wire_bare_copper.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
no insulation (previously). Sleeved at the ends.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Australia, New Zealand (AS/NZS 3000:2018 3.8.1, table 3.4)</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="plainlist" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<ul style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_light_blue.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Color_wire_light_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_light_blue.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Color_wire_light_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_light_blue.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_black.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />To designate any Phase, the above colors are <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">prohibited</span>. While any other color is permitted, for single phase installations the "Line" color is <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">usually</i> Red and the "Switched Line" color is <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">usually</i> White<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-ambig_10-0" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#citenoteambig10" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">[c]</a></span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_red.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_brown.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">recommended</i> for single phase</li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_white.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">usually</i> used for "Switched Line"</li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_red.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_white.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_blue.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
<i style="box-sizing: border-box;">recommended</i> for multiphase</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_black.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_light_blue.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Color_wire_light_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_light_blue.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Color_wire_light_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_light_blue.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-ambig_10-1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#citenoteambig10" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">[c]</a></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
(since about 1980 – Stranded Wire)<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
(since about 1966 – Stranded Wire)<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_bare_copper.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_bare_copper.svg/160px-Color_wire_bare_copper.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_bare_copper.svg/160px-Color_wire_bare_copper.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
Stranded Wire – no insulation; sleeved at the ends (previously)<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#citenote11" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">[d]</a></span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Brazil</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_black.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_brown.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_red.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_orange.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Color_wire_orange.svg/160px-Color_wire_orange.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Color_wire_orange.svg/160px-Color_wire_orange.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_grey.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Color_wire_grey.svg/160px-Color_wire_grey.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Color_wire_grey.svg/160px-Color_wire_grey.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_white.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">
Any color may be used for fixed cable phases, excluding blue, green and green/yellow striped.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">
</div>
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
For safety reasons, yellow should not be used when green/yellow striped cables are present.<br />
<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_light_blue.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Color_wire_light_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_light_blue.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Color_wire_light_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_light_blue.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
(light blue)<br />
<div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px;">
In installations where neutral also serves as protective ground, light blue wires with green/yellow striped terminal markings should be used.</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">China (PRC)</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_red.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_black.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_blue.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">South Africa</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="plainlist" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<ul style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_red.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_white.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
; or</li>
<li style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_blue.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_black.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-sleeve_9-2" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#citenotesleeve9" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">[b]</a></span></td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">United States<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-noram_12-0" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#citenotenoram12" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">[e]</a></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_black.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_red.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_blue.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
for 120, 208, or 240 V<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_brown.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_orange.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Color_wire_orange.svg/160px-Color_wire_orange.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Color_wire_orange.svg/160px-Color_wire_orange.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
for 277, or 480 V<br />
<span style="background-color: #b5a642; border: 1px solid rgb(0 , 0 , 0); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> </span> metallic brass</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_white.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
for 120, 208, or 240 V<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_grey.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Color_wire_grey.svg/160px-Color_wire_grey.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Color_wire_grey.svg/160px-Color_wire_grey.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
for 277, or 480 V<br />
<span style="background-color: silver; border: 1px solid rgb(0 , 0 , 0); box-sizing: border-box; color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> </span> metallic silver</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
<span style="background-color: green; border: 1px solid rgb(0 , 0 , 0); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> </span><br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_bare_copper.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_bare_copper.svg/160px-Color_wire_bare_copper.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_bare_copper.svg/160px-Color_wire_bare_copper.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
no insulation<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
required for isolated systems</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td rowspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Canada<span class="reference" id="cite_ref-13" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#citenote13" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">[8]</a></span><span class="reference" id="cite_ref-noram_12-1" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#citenotenoram12" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">[e]</a></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_red.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_black.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
for single-phase systems<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_red.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Color_wire_red.svg/160px-Color_wire_red.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_black.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_black.svg/160px-Color_wire_black.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_blue.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Color_wire_blue.svg/160px-Color_wire_blue.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
for three-phase systems</td><td rowspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_white.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Color_wire_white.svg/160px-Color_wire_white.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_grey.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Color_wire_grey.svg/160px-Color_wire_grey.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Color_wire_grey.svg/160px-Color_wire_grey.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
<span style="background-color: green; border: 1px solid rgb(0 , 0 , 0); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> </span><br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_bare_copper.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_bare_copper.svg/160px-Color_wire_bare_copper.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Color_wire_bare_copper.svg/160px-Color_wire_bare_copper.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
no insulation</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_orange.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Color_wire_orange.svg/160px-Color_wire_orange.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Color_wire_orange.svg/160px-Color_wire_orange.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_brown.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
for isolated single-phase systems<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_orange.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Color_wire_orange.svg/160px-Color_wire_orange.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Color_wire_orange.svg/160px-Color_wire_orange.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_brown.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Color_wire_brown.svg/160px-Color_wire_brown.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Color_wire_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
for isolated three-phase systems</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;"><div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Color_wire_green.svg/160px-Color_wire_green.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
,<br />
<div class="image_wrapper small_img_wrapper narrow_thumb" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: none !important; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; float: none !important; line-height: 0; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: auto;">
<div class="img_container" ng-click="$root.galleryOpen($event)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; margin: auto; outline: transparent solid 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: relative; width: auto;">
<img alt="" class="ntmb" data-fh="327" data-fw="1024" data-h="52" data-href="/wiki/File:Color_wire_green_yellow.svg" data-original="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" data-w="160" height="26" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Color_wire_green_yellow.svg/160px-Color_wire_green_yellow.svg.png" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="80" /><i class="img_enlarge" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; height: 50px; left: 0px; margin: -4px auto; opacity: 0; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 13px; transition: opacity 0.15s ease 0s; width: 12px;"></i></div>
</div>
for isolated systems</td></tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td colspan="4" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; padding: 2px;">Boxes (e.g., <span style="background-color: purple; border: 1px solid rgb(0 , 0 , 0); box-sizing: border-box; color: white; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"> </span> translucent purple) denote markings on wiring terminals.<br />
<div class="reflist" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; column-count: 2; column-gap: 20px; column-width: auto !important; font-size: 0.9em; list-style-type: lower-alpha; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<ol class="references" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: inherit; margin: 0.3em 0px 10px 2.5em; padding: 0px;">
<li id="citenote6" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#cite_ref-6" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">^</a></span></span> <span class="reference-text" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The colours in this table represent the most common and preferred standard colours for wiring; however others may be in use, especially in older installations.</span></li>
<li id="citenotesleeve9" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">^ <a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#cite_ref-sleeve_9-0" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">a</span></i></span></a> <a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#cite_ref-sleeve_9-1" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">b</span></i></span></a> <a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#cite_ref-sleeve_9-2" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">c</span></i></span></a></span> <span class="reference-text" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Cables may have an uninsulated PE<span class="noprint Inline-Template" style="border: 0px !important; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap;">[<i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="int-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;"><span data-title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2019)" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</span>which is sleeved with the appropriate identifying colours at both ends, especially in the UK.</span></li>
<li id="citenoteambig10" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">^ <a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#cite_ref-ambig_10-0" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">a</span></i></span></a> <a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#cite_ref-ambig_10-1" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">b</span></i></span></a></span> <span class="reference-text" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Except that in New Zealand domestic installations, the only permitted colour for Neutral is Black, Australian and New Zealand wiring standards allow both Australian and European colour codes. (However, TPS "Building Wire" to European colour codes is not generally available in Australia and New Zealand.) Australian-standard phase colours conflict with IEC 60446 colours, where IEC-60446 supported <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">neutral</i> colour (blue) is an allowed <i style="box-sizing: border-box;">phase</i> colour in the Australia/New Zealand standard. Care must be taken when determining the system used in any existing wiring.</span></li>
<li id="citenote11" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#cite_ref-11" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;">^</a></span></span> <span class="reference-text" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The protective earth conductor is now separately insulated throughout all cables.</span></li>
<li id="citenotenoram12" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">^ <a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#cite_ref-noram_12-0" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">a</span></i></span></a> <a class="anch-link" href="https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Electrical_wiring#cite_ref-noram_12-1" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.15s ease-out 0s;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6em; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">b</span></i></span></a></span> <span class="reference-text" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Canadian and American wiring practices are very similar, with ongoing harmonisation efforts.</span></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a class="edit_section tooltip_top tooltipstered" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrical_wiring&action=edit&section=7" style="background: url("img/sprite.609db4c4.svg") -194px -162px no-repeat; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; display: inline-block; height: 26px; margin: 0px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transform: translateX(15px); transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; width: 26px;" target="_blank"></a></div>
<a class="edit_section tooltip_top tooltipstered" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrical_wiring&action=edit&section=5" style="background: url("img/sprite.609db4c4.svg") -194px -162px no-repeat; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; display: inline-block; height: 26px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transform: translateX(10px); transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; width: 26px;" target="_blank"></a></div>
<a class="edit_section tooltip_top tooltipstered" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electrical_wiring&action=edit&section=1" style="background: url("img/sprite.609db4c4.svg") -194px -162px no-repeat; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1559b5; display: inline-block; height: 26px; margin: 0px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration-line: none; transform: translateX(15px); transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; vertical-align: middle; width: 26px;" target="_blank"></a></div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-31140042754464863602019-02-18T09:43:00.002+07:002019-02-18T09:43:25.200+07:00BÀI 6: GHI CHỮ TRONG AUTOCAD (MTEXT)<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">a.
Mô tả<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lệnh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">MTEXT </b>dùng
để tạo đối tượng là chữ viết và các kí hiệu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">b.
Các phương thức truy cập lệnh<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHhEQksc8JYE3Tl-Pbgx0VcRyoIIUbK7JttdIYH_VZDrhGWAohOszM7s-R-taS8MyjAv2X43ed-YBvWMLd1bTkmyyBJgrgH9dfvN70weHgeZZzXcMnftCy5lsMnWlAWhzR7Mxhj05RuonC/s1600/15.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="329" data-original-width="1053" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHhEQksc8JYE3Tl-Pbgx0VcRyoIIUbK7JttdIYH_VZDrhGWAohOszM7s-R-taS8MyjAv2X43ed-YBvWMLd1bTkmyyBJgrgH9dfvN70weHgeZZzXcMnftCy5lsMnWlAWhzR7Mxhj05RuonC/s640/15.png" width="640" /></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">c.
Các thuộc tính vẽ<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify first corner:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Chọn một điểm tạo khung viết chữ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify opposite corner
or [Height/Justify/Line spacing / Rotation /Style /Width /Columns]: </span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Chọn
điểm còn lại hoặc các lựa chọn khác [Chiều cao (H)/Canh giữa (J)/ Khoảng cách
giãn dòng (L)/ Góc quay (R)/Kiểu (S)/Bề rộng (W)/ Cột (C)]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHQDayy734c_AhnuOab1siRr-g_AcUyRVJZJ6r1zkZ121nVVyJxO2JqBLQrFLL6TZGDqGEDM6iDji5e6l4Qm1SqKdDMn-b5r1DuWPUBOMeC4gptjUtfAY3dIktrVcJzMqxTNI49LGHLBOE/s1600/16.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="244" data-original-width="1281" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHQDayy734c_AhnuOab1siRr-g_AcUyRVJZJ6r1zkZ121nVVyJxO2JqBLQrFLL6TZGDqGEDM6iDji5e6l4Qm1SqKdDMn-b5r1DuWPUBOMeC4gptjUtfAY3dIktrVcJzMqxTNI49LGHLBOE/s640/16.png" width="640" /></a><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
</div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Panel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Style:</b> Thay đổi kích thước chữ vào ô
size.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Panel<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Formatting:</b> Lựa chọn chữ in đậm, in nghiêng, gạch chân, kiểu chữ,
…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Panel<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Paragraph:</b> Lựa chọn chế độ căn chữ (trái, phải, giữa, căn đều…),
khoảng cách giãn dòng, các Bullets và đánh số thứ tự đầu dòng<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: left; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Panel<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Insert: </b>Chèn các bảng biểu, kí tự đặc biệt.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<b><i>d. Bài tập áp dụng</i></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg22VQjmwUU3jzNYB78KlsAE3XcFxwmi3YJgfIru-P9SkTV37YGxK7U4H2bm3IA_y6dGIClk8c6xJDlIpwK2-3eQ16gZBH6nRFGFH1fIM110Dr4zTvf5r4GZCTtAauaZLDKcfXcI46EHNVP/s1600/17.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="615" data-original-width="1403" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg22VQjmwUU3jzNYB78KlsAE3XcFxwmi3YJgfIru-P9SkTV37YGxK7U4H2bm3IA_y6dGIClk8c6xJDlIpwK2-3eQ16gZBH6nRFGFH1fIM110Dr4zTvf5r4GZCTtAauaZLDKcfXcI46EHNVP/s640/17.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<br /></div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-24177672090197916402019-02-18T09:03:00.000+07:002019-02-18T09:05:40.571+07:00BÀI 5: VẼ BỀ MẶT VẬT LIỆU – HATCH TRONG AUTOCAD<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">a.
Mô tả<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lệnh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">HATCH</b>
dùng để vẽ (hoặc tô) một đối tượng, thường được ứng dụng để vẽ bề mặt vật liệu.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">b. Các phương thức truy cập lệnh<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: left;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Cách 1: Vào Menu <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Home </b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"> Chọn Panel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Draw</b> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"> Chọn <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">HATCH</b>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: left;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Cách 2: Nhập lệnh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">H</b> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings 3"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";">8</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">c.
Các thuộc tính vẽ<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Boundaries:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Xác định đối tượng bằng các phương thức khác nhau.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Add: Pick Points:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Để chọn một đối tượng, chỉ cần click vào một điểm bất kỳ trên đối tượng đó.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Add: Select objects:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Để
chọn một đối tượng, chỉ cần click vào cạnh của đối tượng đó.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hatch:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Tô đối tượng với những mẫu có sẵn.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIwN24m2eo32lltc9oFfCNt5TzAJaAhUEE8oZDhiq4zLKRy2EdO_M8av264ojobd60gNDtAX_H-ELD0R2VmozEH3m-DTUrow89Qmtdk6cMzykJbD4qtCbDW_de3WL1wc2e35-Ge3Mzil0w/s1600/13.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="637" data-original-width="511" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIwN24m2eo32lltc9oFfCNt5TzAJaAhUEE8oZDhiq4zLKRy2EdO_M8av264ojobd60gNDtAX_H-ELD0R2VmozEH3m-DTUrow89Qmtdk6cMzykJbD4qtCbDW_de3WL1wc2e35-Ge3Mzil0w/s640/13.png" width="513" /></a><br />
<br />
<b><i>d. Bài tập áp dụng</i></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSEBW9iC7x3eC_IUNxct6raDDhpZC5OkOUOhd7hMqolirxvEoMjcvHrURb1GrHqc49uI0nMwRJq7ojZ5sfUC_IAVARqpfYJm3rqq7PWArkXiPpUZ9LaUNh9s3V_SdlTL80myTXNKdpz-ra/s1600/14.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="332" data-original-width="927" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSEBW9iC7x3eC_IUNxct6raDDhpZC5OkOUOhd7hMqolirxvEoMjcvHrURb1GrHqc49uI0nMwRJq7ojZ5sfUC_IAVARqpfYJm3rqq7PWArkXiPpUZ9LaUNh9s3V_SdlTL80myTXNKdpz-ra/s640/14.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-89378467695270432972019-02-18T08:54:00.000+07:002019-02-18T08:54:48.421+07:00BÀI 4: VẼ ĐƯỜNG TRÒN – CIRCLE TRONG AUTOCAD<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">a.
Mô tả<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lệnh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">CIRCLE </b>dùng
để vẽ đường tròn với nhiều phương pháp khác nhau.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">b. Các phương thức truy cập lệnh</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: left;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Cách 1: Vào Menu <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Home</i></b> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">
Chọn Panel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Draw</i></b> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"> Chọn <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Circle </i></b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">
Chọn phương pháp vẽ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: left;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Cách 2: Nhập lệnh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">C </i></b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings 3"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";">8</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">c.
Các thuộc tính vẽ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Specify center point for
circle or [3P/2P/Ttr]:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Chọn tâm đường tròn hoặc
các phương pháp vẽ đường tròn khác.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Center point:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;"> Vẽ đường
tròn có tâm đã được xác định theo bán kính hay đường kính.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify radius of circle
or [Diameter]:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nhập bán kính hoặc chọn <u>D</u>iameter,
sau đó nhập đường kính.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">3P:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;"> Vẽ đường
tròn đi qua 3 điểm.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify first point on
circle:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nhập điểm đầu tiên.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify second point on
circle:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nhập điểm thứ hai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify third point on
circle:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nhập điểm thứ ba.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">2P:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;"> Vẽ đường
tròn đi qua 2 điểm.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify first end point
of circle’s diameter:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nhập điểm đầu tiên của
đường kính.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify second end point
of circle’s diameter:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nhập điểm thứ hai của đường
kính.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Ttr:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;"> Vẽ đường
tròn tiếp xúc 2 đối tượng và có bán kính R.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify point on object
for first tangent of circle:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Chọn đối tượng đầu
tiên sẽ là tiếp tuyến của đường tròn.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify point on object
for second tangent of circle: </span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Chọn đối tượng thứ
hai sẽ là tiếp tuyến của đường tròn.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify radius of circle:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Nhập giá trị bán kính của đường tròn.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Tan tan tan:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;"> vẽ đường
tròn tiếp xúc 3 đối tượng.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Menu <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Home</i></b> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
chọn Panel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Draw </i></b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Circle
</i></b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tan tan tan</i></b>: Chọn 3 đối tượng mà đường
tròn sẽ tiếp xúc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 17.3333px;"><b><i>d. Bài tập áp dụng</i></b></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDoAVgs-eQbE1xwKJXeT8D2OBLXxF-4Vo7TJk8VdFps3-Yz2QJByiDjWM7O-gdRdaOSh_g_MxyTaw7HVORMxq7e0Q8bc6ea1S871wemC8sk8NNZXaFvcSY7Ha_AwpyMv87QFyG3X6P5APc/s1600/11.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="725" data-original-width="889" height="520" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDoAVgs-eQbE1xwKJXeT8D2OBLXxF-4Vo7TJk8VdFps3-Yz2QJByiDjWM7O-gdRdaOSh_g_MxyTaw7HVORMxq7e0Q8bc6ea1S871wemC8sk8NNZXaFvcSY7Ha_AwpyMv87QFyG3X6P5APc/s640/11.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifSbYbmZTmGPKCc3HKuASwD1jvHYGNgF2qMIvOZ9A12gEzSZsUZ4iStFIkb9JZlC9ZzPtEAODYlB3Rr9F_iesHYKc3DXRv9MraebBghdpbMRW2G51nGf7ZEye2QTAMU5Gn9xGVoT8VBOaR/s1600/12.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="429" data-original-width="906" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifSbYbmZTmGPKCc3HKuASwD1jvHYGNgF2qMIvOZ9A12gEzSZsUZ4iStFIkb9JZlC9ZzPtEAODYlB3Rr9F_iesHYKc3DXRv9MraebBghdpbMRW2G51nGf7ZEye2QTAMU5Gn9xGVoT8VBOaR/s640/12.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-16121820695026123242019-02-18T08:50:00.001+07:002019-02-18T08:54:37.591+07:00BÀI 3: VẼ HÌNH CHỮ NHẬT – RECTANGLE TRONG AUTOCAD<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">a.
Mô tả<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lệnh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">RECTANGLE </b>dùng
để vẽ hình chữ nhật dựa trên các tham số của hình chữ nhật (chiều dài, chiều rộng,
góc quay) và tùy chọn cho các góc (bo tròn, vạt góc hay vuông vức).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">b.
Các phương thức truy cập lệnh<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: left;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Cách 1: Vào Menu <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Home </i></b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">
Chọn Panel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Draw</i></b> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"> Chọn <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rectangle</i></b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: left;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Cách 2: Nhập lệnh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">REC </i></b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings 3"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";">8</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">c.
Các thuộc tính vẽ.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify first corner
point or [Chamfer/ Elevation/ Fillet/ Thickness/ Width]:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Xác định điểm góc đầu tiên của hình chữ nhật hoặc chọn các thuộc tính <u>C</u>hamfer/<u>E</u>levation/<u>F</u>illet/<u>T</u>hickness/<u>W</u>idth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lựa
chọn xác định điểm góc đầu tiên của hình chữ nhật <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">[First corner point]:</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify other corner or
[Area/Dimensions/Rotation]:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Xác định điểm góc
đối diện của hình chữ nhật hoặc chọn các phương án vẽ theo diện tích (A), kích
thước (D), góc xoay của hình chữ nhật (R).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Area:<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Enter area of rectangle
in current units:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nhập diện tích của hình
chữ nhật.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Calculate rectangle dimensions
based on [Length/Width]: </span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">chọn kích thước theo chiều
dài (L) hay chiều rộng (W).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Dimensions: <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify length for
rectangle:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nhập chiều dài hình chữ nhật.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify width for
rectangle:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nhập chiều rộng hình chữ nhật.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Rotation:<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify rotation angle or
[Pick points]:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nhập góc hoặc nhấp chọn
điểm.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify other corner
point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Nhập điểm còn lại của hình chữ nhật hoặc chọn các phương án vẽ theo diện tích
(A), kích thước (D), góc xoay của hình chữ nhật (R).’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lựa
chọn<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Chamfer:</b> Vạt cạnh hình chữ nhật.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify first chamfer
distance for rectangles:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nhập khoảng cách vạt góc
theo phương đứng.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify second chamfer
distance for rectangles:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> nhập khoảng cách vạt góc
theo phương ngang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: -3.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lựa chọn<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Fillet:</b> Bo tròn hình chữ nhật.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify fillet radius for
rectangle:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nhập bán kính bo tròn.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lựa
chọn<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Width:</b> Chọn bề rộng của các cạnh
hình chữ nhật.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify line width for
rectangle:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nhập bề rộng cạnh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lựa
chọn<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Elevation/Thichness:</b> Dùng cho
CAD 3D<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><i><b>d. Bài tập áp dụng</b></i></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfhBr6KG0Ei-E-zUBFsGOo5CD5j6V29NJepcHX_YB7-TGLvnSIeReBYd9HUWbHlO1EQxlqJ8sZQcf0lGri-E_uHUNtdJQDFGoajNnSLx1M6G26GloOv2_5TTGlJLZBmra8I2a6sbod0wTp/s1600/9.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="821" data-original-width="817" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfhBr6KG0Ei-E-zUBFsGOo5CD5j6V29NJepcHX_YB7-TGLvnSIeReBYd9HUWbHlO1EQxlqJ8sZQcf0lGri-E_uHUNtdJQDFGoajNnSLx1M6G26GloOv2_5TTGlJLZBmra8I2a6sbod0wTp/s640/9.png" width="636" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-yXIqkC7_K4W3UXMeZR6HINDRQiOK_HEbS_gi0DNk8Q1Wo6GB_5dQIQfiYK57judkwjYSoWSTFMTXt1bRsaZ1lqgBkRPsNeeegsrJR0TKS3EHx5vCsmLhW0VqTSShpj3Yvb-tAKmVqpoq/s1600/10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="411" data-original-width="862" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-yXIqkC7_K4W3UXMeZR6HINDRQiOK_HEbS_gi0DNk8Q1Wo6GB_5dQIQfiYK57judkwjYSoWSTFMTXt1bRsaZ1lqgBkRPsNeeegsrJR0TKS3EHx5vCsmLhW0VqTSShpj3Yvb-tAKmVqpoq/s640/10.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-18001723524068543982019-02-18T08:47:00.000+07:002019-02-18T08:54:09.947+07:00BÀI 2: VẼ HÌNH ĐA GIÁC ĐỀU – POLYGON TRONG AUTOCAD<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">a.
Mô tả<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lệnh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">POLYGON
</b>dùng để vẽ hình đa giác có các cạnh bằng nhau.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">b.
Các phương thức truy cập lệnh<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">Cách
1: Vào Menu <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Home </i></b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">
Chọn Panel<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Draw</i></b> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 115%;">
Chọn <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Polygon</i></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: left;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;">Cách 2: Nhập lệnh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">POL</i></b> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings 3"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";">8</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">c.
Các thuộc tính vẽ<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Enter numbers of sides:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
nhập số cạnh của đa giác muốn vẽ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify center of polygon
or [Edge]:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> xác định tâm của đa giác hoặc lựa chọn
<u>E</u>dge để vẽ đa giác theo kích thước cạnh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Lựa
chọn xác định tâm <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">[Center of polygon]</b>
của đa giác:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Enter an option
[Inscribed in circle/ Circumscribed about circle]:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Lựa chọn thuộc tính <u>I</u>nscribed hoặc <u>C</u>ircumscribed của đường tròn.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Inscribed:</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Khoảng cách từ tâm của đường tròn đến các đỉnh của đa giác. Hay nói cách khác,
các đỉnh của đa giác nằm trên đường tròn. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 72.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Circumscribed:</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Khoảng cách từ tâm của đường tròn đến trung điểm của các cạnh. Hay nói cách
khác, các cạnh của đa giác sẽ tiếp xúc với đường tròn.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify radius of circle:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Nhập bán kính của đường tròn.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Lựa
chọn nhập cạnh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">[Edge]</b> của đa giác:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify first endpoint of
edge:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nhập điểm đầu tiên của cạnh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Specify second endpoint of edge:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;"> Nhập
điểm thứ hai của cạnh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: left;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<b><i>d. Bài tập áp dụng</i></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg87en-Q2gSZghczkAzSh2zxGnMY48b5tkdw_aWtaTU9L6OdmRnALnL4hiUlzLZZwgQw0RjYLUjtQMO8dBdz0OHI4xaKDL4ENEvYYlIM7ojLa8ZBVeqFFE_1qqz2TZFz4hdEESoCopAgCrJ/s1600/8.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="302" data-original-width="864" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg87en-Q2gSZghczkAzSh2zxGnMY48b5tkdw_aWtaTU9L6OdmRnALnL4hiUlzLZZwgQw0RjYLUjtQMO8dBdz0OHI4xaKDL4ENEvYYlIM7ojLa8ZBVeqFFE_1qqz2TZFz4hdEESoCopAgCrJ/s640/8.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<b><i><br /></i></b>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-12721849188520365012019-02-18T08:42:00.003+07:002019-02-18T08:53:57.498+07:00BÀI 1: LỆNH VẼ ĐƯỜNG THẲNG TRONG AUTOCAD<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">a. Mô tả<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lệnh<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> LINE</b>
cho phép tạo một chuỗi những đoạn thẳng liên tiếp nhau. Mỗi đoạn thẳng có thể
được chỉnh sửa độc lập.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">b.
Các phương thức truy cập lệnh:<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; text-align: left;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Cách 1: Vào Menu <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Home</i></b> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;"> Chọn
Panel<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
Draw</i></b> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings"; font-size: 13.0pt;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt;"> chọn <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Line<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cách
2: Nhập lệnh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">L</i></b> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "wingdings 3"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: "Wingdings 3";">8</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">c.
Các thuộc tính vẽ:<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify first point:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
Nhập toạ độ điểm đầu tiên.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify next point
[Undo]:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nhập toạ độ điểm tiếp theo hoặc chọn
<u>U</u>ndo để huỷ bỏ lệnh vừa vẽ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specify next point or
[Close/Undo]:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Nhập toạ độ điểm tiếp
theo hoặc chọn <u>C</u>lose để đóng kín một đa giác với các cạnh vừa vẽ hoặc <u>U</u>ndo
để huỷ bỏ lệnh vừa vẽ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<b><i>d. Bài tập áp dụng (click vào hình để xem rõ hơn)</i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLZu7wWuJPhmd7tmkpSQ4L1qKHCVRhCp5ikyZbINPZIuyMWU5qYpARGfCq3hbr_K3i54lxxrmcMi-Ri1WYUgOEQkgvMjMwYrGn2ip31FhJ_amrEbieruNQ3qWF5HBf3rUuPPGS_QgTcGIK/s1600/7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="851" data-original-width="767" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLZu7wWuJPhmd7tmkpSQ4L1qKHCVRhCp5ikyZbINPZIuyMWU5qYpARGfCq3hbr_K3i54lxxrmcMi-Ri1WYUgOEQkgvMjMwYrGn2ip31FhJ_amrEbieruNQ3qWF5HBf3rUuPPGS_QgTcGIK/s400/7.png" width="360" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-91293947486551412792019-02-18T08:39:00.002+07:002019-02-18T08:39:21.518+07:00TẠO LƯỚI VẼ (GRID)<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Trong vùng đồ họa xuất hiện lưới vẽ,
giúp xác định toạ độ dễ dàng bằng chuột hay bàn phím.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Để Tắt/Mở lưới vẽ, ta có thể làm
các cách sau:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cách 1: Gõ lệnh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Grid </i></b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">On/Off</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cách 2: Trên thanh
Status, nhấn vào <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">GRID.</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cách 3: Nhấn <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">F7</i></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 3.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cách4: Nhấn tổ hợp phím <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ctrl
+ G.</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Để thay đổi kích thước lưới vẽ, Nhập
lệnh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">OS</i></b>,
cửa sổ Drafting Settings xuất hiện, chọn thẻ <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Snap and Grid</i></b>. Thay đổi
giá trị trong ô Grid X spacing để thay đổi khoảng cách Grid theo phương ngang,
và Grid Y Spacing để thay đổi khoảng cách Grid theo phương dọc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjczFIK52zhgeDGcL9_K0w3dW4kkenTTwwHHCJPQgg4Vqfhvw6sDjNfVB7LuSCZLu5-EB_SYgujkuV5fBv7UTKMRIvuzgLTwOIkXNsx6b2wFGBfk4q7e9xYNEU6Jv3522cJJxQiNKzzSZaF/s1600/6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="361" data-original-width="605" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjczFIK52zhgeDGcL9_K0w3dW4kkenTTwwHHCJPQgg4Vqfhvw6sDjNfVB7LuSCZLu5-EB_SYgujkuV5fBv7UTKMRIvuzgLTwOIkXNsx6b2wFGBfk4q7e9xYNEU6Jv3522cJJxQiNKzzSZaF/s640/6.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-82945740873881168142019-02-18T08:38:00.003+07:002019-02-18T08:38:37.028+07:00TẠO BƯỚC NHẢY CON TRỎ (SNAP)<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Snap On là một công cụ xác định điểm
tương đối chính xác, thường dùng kết hợp với Grid trong việc hỗ trợ vẽ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Để Tắt/Mở Snap On, ta có thể chọn
các cách sau:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cách 1: Gõ lệnh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Snap</i></b>
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">On/Off.</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cách 2: Trên thanh
Status, nhấn vào <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">SNAP</i></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cách 3: Nhấn <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">F9.</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 78.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cách 4: Nhấn tổ hợp phím <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ctrl
+ B</i></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Để điều chỉnh kích thước Snap On,
Nhập lệnh <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">OS</i></b>, cửa sổ Drafting Settings xuất hiện, chọn thẻ <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Snap
and Grid.</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Thay đổi giá trị trong ô Snap X
spacing để thay đổi khoảng cách Snap theo phương ngang, và Snap Y Spacing để
thay đổi khoảng cách Snap theo phương dọc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaSAQnZuEmQcd0fEodwEphRhM5jyBLFzvq1sj0F0BhrFoYjPLjHo9XkfBPvV2OYcErfmyKBDBBKJDiK1zAlRSsnnEG8FAnbYfpgX6AxG4lkfeEgspHfzX1dicuauPDr_Hb-nIxp-1f-68x/s1600/5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="467" data-original-width="562" height="530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaSAQnZuEmQcd0fEodwEphRhM5jyBLFzvq1sj0F0BhrFoYjPLjHo9XkfBPvV2OYcErfmyKBDBBKJDiK1zAlRSsnnEG8FAnbYfpgX6AxG4lkfeEgspHfzX1dicuauPDr_Hb-nIxp-1f-68x/s640/5.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-45491909676598572212019-02-18T08:37:00.001+07:002019-02-18T08:37:24.097+07:00ĐIỀU CHỈNH ĐỘ PHÂN GIẢI (DISPLAY RESOLUTION)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Khi vẽ cung tròn, đường tròn, hay
đường cong… đối tượng xuất hiện trên vùng đồ họa lại là những đường gấp khúc chứ
không phải là những cung tròn, đường tròn hay đường cong mà chúng ta mong muốn.
Để khắc phục hiện tượng này ta làm như sau:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Nhập
lệnh OP </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;"> Enter.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Cửa sổ Options xuất hiện. Chọn Thẻ
Display. Trong ô Display Resolution, thay đổi giá trị các thông số để có được độ
phân giải mong muốn.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Arc
and circle smoothness:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Điều chỉnh độ mịn cho
vòng tròn, cung tròn và elip. Giá trị càng cao thì độ mịn của đối tượng vẽ càng
cao, tuy nhiên, nếu máy tính có cấu hình thấp thì khi phóng to hay thu nhỏ đối
tượng vẽ sẽ tốn nhiều thời gian để đối tượng phục hồi trên màn hình. Giá trị có
thể thay đổi là từ 1 đến 20.000. Giá trị mặc định là 1000.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi-kaW7h2eAeI-RV-JbPlB-nncgK4aCaZa5RT_5VtCd9ZbRE_UvH1GqbWhkMdgDwUkY5E9jyJQWFdKTvmuDxm2SSU8kj8WBdPEj2-PG0w2Gp_-lv-UfuD-OGm6keW8RbUau9pV_M-Wuh8X/s1600/4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="457" data-original-width="604" height="481" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi-kaW7h2eAeI-RV-JbPlB-nncgK4aCaZa5RT_5VtCd9ZbRE_UvH1GqbWhkMdgDwUkY5E9jyJQWFdKTvmuDxm2SSU8kj8WBdPEj2-PG0w2Gp_-lv-UfuD-OGm6keW8RbUau9pV_M-Wuh8X/s640/4.png" width="640" /></a>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-60359425055940686802019-02-18T08:34:00.002+07:002019-02-18T08:34:42.561+07:00THAY ĐỔI KÍCH THƯỚC CON TRỎ CHUỘT<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Con trỏ chuột trong vùng đồ họa của
AutoCAD bao gồm 2 phần: Crosshair và Pickbox.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Theo mặc định trong AutoCAD,
Crosshair là hai đường thẳng song song với trục X và trục Y, giúp người dùng
thuận tiện hơn trong việc xác định điểm vẽ, điểm tương đối… Giá trị Crosshair
có thể thay đổi trong khoảng từ 1 đến 100% so với màn hình đồ họa. Tại giá trị
100%, chúng ta sẽ không nhìn thấy được các điểm đầu – cuối của 2 đường
Crosshair. Giá trị mặc định là 5%.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNMzPmGdQUisu-lOxSQLCIQLfNWqAU6paLErA7AAOGJ4TrKUxsCmkY6g_8WDrBbxczKbe1DAge1ACfldSmAmj5eKiAm_ckVHYt698iUookFgEvcMpjR8LZNndHsOYWcq2_FAPey3XjzEXA/s1600/1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="288" data-original-width="389" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNMzPmGdQUisu-lOxSQLCIQLfNWqAU6paLErA7AAOGJ4TrKUxsCmkY6g_8WDrBbxczKbe1DAge1ACfldSmAmj5eKiAm_ckVHYt698iUookFgEvcMpjR8LZNndHsOYWcq2_FAPey3XjzEXA/s320/1.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Để thay đổi kích thường Crosshair,
ta làm như sau:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Nhập
lệnh OP </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;"> Enter.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Cửa sổ Options xuất hiện.
Chọn thẻ Display. Điều chỉnh kích thước Crosshair như mong muốn.</span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTVx3fjDF1UTuOrsLH-uvWNQkMimj9zdYKKUPa2AANMEM_H-vUTH0qwJS5oScrX8ojC9eIqzezxo1_Gl63VG2MDE-wbv05tN06Aym0Ma59Dyq_F9ZQ_qCHa-70kFTkx19EUgN_CRmjGbFi/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="410" data-original-width="604" height="434" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTVx3fjDF1UTuOrsLH-uvWNQkMimj9zdYKKUPa2AANMEM_H-vUTH0qwJS5oScrX8ojC9eIqzezxo1_Gl63VG2MDE-wbv05tN06Aym0Ma59Dyq_F9ZQ_qCHa-70kFTkx19EUgN_CRmjGbFi/s640/2.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Pickbox là ô vuông nằm chính giữa
con trỏ chuột. Pickbox cho phép chọn một đối tượng khi click chuột, mà đối tượng
đó có một phần nằm trong ô vuông. Việc thay đổi kích thước ô vuông này tùy thuộc
vào nhu cầu của người dùng. Để điều chỉnh kích thước Pickbox, ta thực hiện như
sau:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Nhập
lệnh OP </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;"> Enter.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt;">Chọn
thẻ Selection <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQwGLtsUowXrN-DO3AK2Pc9hyxIlUAAzY40QokVhjrjz-nvsqGXJ395wZUpwUgiEfWV4sKD5-Rb-9eylUXxFrDYVNtG03zAEeeVWXRWtF-7SrnUUTh0luP3y-_l9LNYktWoGauD2Y5gX2R/s1600/3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="474" data-original-width="604" height="502" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQwGLtsUowXrN-DO3AK2Pc9hyxIlUAAzY40QokVhjrjz-nvsqGXJ395wZUpwUgiEfWV4sKD5-Rb-9eylUXxFrDYVNtG03zAEeeVWXRWtF-7SrnUUTh0luP3y-_l9LNYktWoGauD2Y5gX2R/s640/3.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-8547225348366190462018-09-10T22:18:00.001+07:002018-09-10T22:19:16.372+07:00BÀI TẬP AUTOCAD - 2018<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXjZlkPgshj1D09ldy2mSUEviwADDMb5maTSL5XX3u5_qmKaDnKHwAg6KJ6Eyeaylc9NxezyQekEHtLfUp_W2OXAqhTbfRoKgPbjBXFaDwAYZcHqMd4ISl1OSSqaDRpbNGBjrHnlH4oR8p/s1600/rendering-with-autocad-logo-Feature_1290x688_KL-1-1026x500.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="1026" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXjZlkPgshj1D09ldy2mSUEviwADDMb5maTSL5XX3u5_qmKaDnKHwAg6KJ6Eyeaylc9NxezyQekEHtLfUp_W2OXAqhTbfRoKgPbjBXFaDwAYZcHqMd4ISl1OSSqaDRpbNGBjrHnlH4oR8p/s320/rendering-with-autocad-logo-Feature_1290x688_KL-1-1026x500.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<a href="http://khoaddt.tdc.edu.vn/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/BAI-TAP-VE-DIEN-2018.pdf">http://khoaddt.tdc.edu.vn/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/BAI-TAP-VE-DIEN-2018.pdf</a>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-34912475654884904012018-01-07T20:22:00.001+07:002018-01-07T20:23:03.754+07:00Các thuật ngữ - ký hiệu chuyên ngành điện<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOWAMiJjawcwZt1rr1L48zhPRR9FTaIj-qPvmrMSMgK6qztDHNvWFVGtHkXWS9P0ivETmpZxvPovIlFSIkZjZ9_jZqSxsb8NufZHsn5dpppJaO99XAJJoOcmk54N55RqoXAbUqg4heRqaB/s1600/maxresdefault.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1240" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOWAMiJjawcwZt1rr1L48zhPRR9FTaIj-qPvmrMSMgK6qztDHNvWFVGtHkXWS9P0ivETmpZxvPovIlFSIkZjZ9_jZqSxsb8NufZHsn5dpppJaO99XAJJoOcmk54N55RqoXAbUqg4heRqaB/s320/maxresdefault.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">FM _ Frequency Modulation : Biến điệu tần số.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">AC _ Alterating Current : Dòng điện xoay chiều.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">DC _ Direct Current : Dòng điện một chiều.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">FCO _ Fuse Cut Out : Cầu chì tự rơi</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">LBFCO _ Load Breaker Fuse Cut Out : Cầu chì tự rơi có cắt tải</span><br />
<br />
<a name='more'></a><br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CB _ Circuit Breaker : Máy cắt.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ACB _ Air Circuit Breaker : Máy cắt bằng không khí</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MCCB _ Moduled Case Circuit Breaker : Máy cắt khối có dòng cắt > 100A</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MCB _ Miniature Circuit Breaker : Bộ ngắt mạch loại nhỏ</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">VCB _ Vacuum Circuit Breaker : Máy cắt chân không.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">RCD _ Residual Current Device : Thiết bị chống dòng điện dư.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">DF : Distortion Factor : hệ số méo dạng </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">THD : Total Harmonic Distortion : độ méo dạng tổng do sóng hài</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">BJT: Bipolar Junction Transistor : hehe cái này ai cũng bít , khỏi nói nhỉ ^ ^</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MOSFET: metal-oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect transistor </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">trong đó FET : field efect transistor là transistor hiệu ứng trường</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">reference input : tín hiệu vào , tín hiệu chuẩn</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">controlled output : tín hiệu ra</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SISO : single input single output : hệ thống 1 ngõ vào 1 ngõ ra</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MIMO : multi input multi output : hệ thống nhìu ngõ vào , nhìu ngõ ra </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Air distribution system .................................: Hệ thống điều phối khí</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ammeter .................................................. .: Ampe kế </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Busbar .................................................. ....: Thanh dẫn </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cast-Resin dry transformer............................: Máy biến áp khô</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Circuit Breaker ............................................: Aptomat hoặc máy cắt</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Compact fluorescent lamp..............................: Đèn huỳnh quang </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Contactor .................................................. : Công tắc tơ </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Current carrying capacity...............................: Khả năng mang tải </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dielectric insulation ......................................: Điện môi cách điện</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Distribution Board .........................................: Tủ/bảng phân phối điện </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Downstream circuit breaker.............................: Bộ ngắt điện cuối nguồn </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Earth conductor ...........................................: Dây nối đất </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Earthing system ...........................................: Hệ thống nối đất </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Equipotential bonding ....................................: Liên kết đẳng thế </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Fire retardant ..............................................: Chất cản cháy </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Galvanised component ...................................:Cấu kiện mạ kẽm </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Impedance Earth ..........................................: Điện trở kháng đất</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Instantaneous current ...................................: Dòng điện tức thời </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Light emitting diode ......................................: Điốt phát sáng </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Neutral bar .................................................. : Thanh trung hoà </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Oil-immersed transformer.................................: Máy biến áp dầu</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Outer Sheath ...............................................: Vỏ bọc dây điện </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Relay .................................................. ........: Rơ le </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sensor / Detector ...............................: Thiết bị cảm biến, thiết bị dò tìm</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Switching Panel ............................................: Bảng đóng ngắt mạch </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tubular fluorescent lamp.................................: Đèn ống huỳnh quang </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Upstream circuit breaker..................................: Bộ ngắt điện đầu nguồn </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Voltage drop .................................................: Sụt áp</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">accesssories .................................................: phụ kiện</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">alarm bell .................................................. ....: chuông báo tự động</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">burglar alarm .................................................. : chuông báo trộm</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">cable .................................................. ..........:cáp điện</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">conduit .................................................. .......:ống bọc</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">current .................................................. .......:dòng điện</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Direct current .................................................: điện 1 chiều</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">electric door opener .........................................: thiết bị mở cửa</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">electrical appliances .........................................: thiết bị điện gia dụng</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">electrical insulating material ...............................: vật liệu cách điện</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">fixture .................................................. .........:bộ đèn</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">high voltage .................................................. .:cao thế</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">illuminance .................................................. ...: sự chiếu sáng</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">jack .................................................. ............:đầu cắm</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">lamp .................................................. ............:đèn</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">leakage current ...............................................: dòng rò</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">live wire .................................................. .......:dây nóng</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">low voltage .................................................. ...: hạ thế</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">neutral wire .................................................. ..:dây nguội</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">photoelectric cell .............................................: tế bào quang điện</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">relay............................................. .................: rơ-le</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">smoke bell .................................................. ....: chuông báo khói</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">smoke detector ...............................................: đầu dò khói</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">wire .................................................. ............:dây điện</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Capacitor .................................................. .....: Tụ điện</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Compensate capacitor ......................................: Tụ bù</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cooling fan .................................................. ...: Quạt làm mát</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Copper equipotential bonding bar ...................: Tấm nối đẳng thế bằng đồng</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Current transformer ..........................................: Máy biến dòng</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Disruptive discharge .......................................: Sự phóng điện đánh thủng</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Disruptive discharge switch ..............................: Bộ kích mồi</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Earthing leads ................................................: Dây tiếp địa</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Incoming Circuit Breaker ...................................: Aptomat tổng</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Lifting lug .................................................. ....: Vấu cầu</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Magnetic contact ...........................................: công tắc điện từ</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Magnetic Brake ...............................................: bộ hãm từ</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Overhead Concealed Loser ...............................: Tay nắm thuỷ lực</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Phase reversal ................................................: Độ lệch pha</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Potential pulse ................................................: Điện áp xung</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rated current........................................... .......: Dòng định mức</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Selector switch ..............................................: Công tắc chuyển mạch</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Starting current ..............................................: Dòng khởi động</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Vector group .................................................. : Tổ đầu dây</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Mấy từ lạ lạ, nhiều khi nghĩ hông ra nè:</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Punching: lá thép đã được dập định hình.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">3p cỉrcuit breaker: hông phải là máy cắt 3 pha đâu à nha. Nó là máy cắt 3 cực. 3p = 3 poles.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rơ le Mho: Rơ le tổng dẫn. Ngược lại với rơ le tổng trở, thường dùng để bảo vệ mất kích thích cho máy phát. Mho là viết ngược của... Ohm (hi hi, phải hông ta?)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Winding: dây quấn (trong máy điện).</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Wiring: công việc đi dây. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bushing: sứ xuyên.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Differential amplifyer: mạch khuếch đại vi sai.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Differential relay: rơ le so lệch.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Different gear box: trong xe ô tô, nó là cầu vi sai.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Autotransformer: hông phải biến áp tự động, mà là biến áp tự ngẫu.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Varỉac: từ ngắn gọn của variable autotransformer: biến áp tự ngẫu điều chỉnh được bằng cách xoay.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PT: Potention transformer: máy biến áp đo lường. Cũng dùng VT: voltage transformer.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cell: Trong ắc quy thì nó là 1 hộc (2.2 V) Trong quang điện thì nó là tế bào quang điện. Còn cell phone là...</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Fault: sự cố, thường dùng để chỉ sự cố ngắn mạch.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Earth fault: sự cố chạm đất.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Reactor: trong hệ thống điện thì nó là cuộn cảm. Trong lò phản ứng hạt nhân thì nó là bộ phận không chế tốc độ phản ứng.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Trip: máy bị ngưng hoạt động do sự cố.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Field: trong lý thuyết thì nó là trường. (như điện trường, từ trường...). Trong máy điện nó là cuộn dây kích thích. Trong triết học nó là lĩnh vực. thông thường, nó là.. cánh đồng.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Loss of field: mất kích từ.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Coupling: trong điện tử nó là phương pháp nối tầng. Nhưng trong cơ điện, nó lại là khớp nối, dùng để kết nối giữa động cơ và tải (bơm chẳng hạn).</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Orifice: lỗ tiết lưu.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Oring: vòng cao su có thiết diện tròn, thường dùng để làm kín.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Check valve: van một chiều??? Ngộ ha?</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Air distribution system : Hệ thống điều phối khí</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ammeter : Ampe kế</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Busbar : Thanh dẫn</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cast-Resin dry transformer: Máy biến áp khô</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Circuit Breaker : Aptomat hoặc máy cắt</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Compact fluorescent lamp: Đèn huỳnh quang</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Contactor : Công tắc tơ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Current carrying capacity: Khả năng mang tải</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dielectric insulation : Điện môi cách điện</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Distribution Board : Tủ/bảng phân phối điện</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Downstream circuit breaker: Bộ ngắt điện cuối nguồn</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Earth conductor : Dây nối đất</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Earthing system : Hệ thống nối đất</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Equipotential bonding : Liên kết đẳng thế</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Fire retardant : Chất cản cháy</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Galvanised component :Cấu kiện mạ kẽm</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Impedance Earth : Điện trở kháng đất</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Instantaneous current : Dòng điện tức thời</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Light emitting diode : Điốt phát sáng</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Neutral bar : Thanh trung hoà</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Oil-immersed transformer: Máy biến áp dầu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Outer Sheath : Vỏ bọc dây điện</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Relay : Rơ le</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sensor / Detector : Thiết bị cảm biến, thiết bị dò tìm</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Switching Panel : Bảng đóng ngắt mạch</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tubular fluorescent lamp: Đèn ống huỳnh quang</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Upstream circuit breaker: Bộ ngắt điện đầu nguồn</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Voltage drop : Sụt áp</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">accesssories : phụ kiện</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">alarm bell : chuông báo tự động</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">burglar alarm : chuông báo trộm</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">cable :cáp điện</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">conduit :ống bọc</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">current :dòng điện</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Direct current :điện 1 chiều</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">electric door opener : thiết bị mở cửa</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">electrical appliances : thiết bị điện gia dụng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">electrical insulating material : vật liệu cách điện</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">fixture :bộ đèn</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">high voltage :cao thế</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">illuminance : sự chiếu sáng</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">jack :đầu cắm</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">lamp :đèn</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">leakage current : dòng rò</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">live wire :dây nóng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">low voltage : hạ thế</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">neutral wire :dây nguội</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">photoelectric cell : tế bào quang điện</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">relay : rơ-le</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">smoke bell : chuông báo khói</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">smoke detector : đầu dò khói</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">wire :dây điện</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Capacitor : Tụ điện</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Compensate capacitor : Tụ bù</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cooling fan : Quạt làm mát</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Copper equipotential bonding bar : Tấm nối đẳng thế bằng đồng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Current transformer : Máy biến dòng</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Disruptive discharge : Sự phóng điện đánh thủng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Disruptive discharge switch : Bộ kích mồi</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Earthing leads : Dây tiếp địa</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Incoming Circuit Breaker : Aptomat tổng</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Lifting lug : Vấu cầu</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Magnetic contact : công tắc điện từ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Magnetic Brake : bộ hãm từ</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Overhead Concealed Loser : Tay nắm thuỷ lực</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Phase reversal : Độ lệch pha</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Potential pulse : Điện áp xung</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rated current : Dòng định mức</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Selector switch : Công tắc chuyển mạch</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Starting current : Dòng khởi động</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Vector group : Tổ đầu dây</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Trạm biến áp nè: (hi hi, mấy cái này ai cũng biết "gồi")</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Power station: trạm điện.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bushing: sứ xuyên.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Disconnecting switch: Dao cách ly.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Circuit breaker: máy cắt.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Power transformer: Biến áp lực.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Voltage transformer (VT) Potention transformer (PT): máy biến áp đo lường.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Current transformer: máy biến dòng đo lường.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">bushing type CT: Biến dòng chân sứ.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Winding type CT: Biến dòng kiểu dây quấn.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Auxiliary contact, auxiliary switch: tiếp điểm phụ.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Limit switch: tiếp điểm giới hạn.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Thermometer: đồng hồ nhiệt độ.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Thermostat, thermal switch: công tắc nhiệt.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">pressure gause: đồng hồ áp suất.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pressure switch: công tắc áp suất.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sudden pressure relay: rơ le đột biến áp suất.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Radiator, cooler: bộ giải nhiệt của máy biến áp.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Auxiliary oil tank: bồn dầu phụ, thùng giãn dầu.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Position switch: tiếp điểm vị trí.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Control board: bảng điều khiển.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rotary switch: bộ tiếp điểm xoay.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">control switch: cần điều khiển.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">selector switch: cần lựa chọn.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Synchro switch: cần cho phép hòa đồng bộ.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Synchro scope: đồng bộ kế, đồng hồ đo góc pha khi hòa điện.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Alarm: cảnh báo, báo động.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Announciation: báo động bằng âm thanh (chuông hoặc còi).</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Protective relay: rơ le bảo vệ.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Differential relay: rơ le so lệch.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Transformer Differential relay: rơ le so lệch máy biến áp.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Line Differential relay: rơ le so lệch đường dây.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Busbar Differential relay: rơ le so lệch thanh cái.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Distance relay: rơ le khoảng cách.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Over current relay: Rơ le quá dòng.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Time over current relay: Rơ le quá dòngcó thời gian.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Time delay relay: rơ le thời gian.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Directional time overcurrent relay: Rơ le quá dòng định hướng có thời gian.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Negative sequence time overcurrent relay: Rơ le qúa dòng thứ tự nghịch có thời gian.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Under voltage relay: rơ le thấp áp.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Over voltage relay: rơ le quá áp.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Earth fault relay: rơ le chạm đất.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Synchronizising relay: rơ le hòa đồng bộ.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Synchro check relay: rơ le chống hòa sai.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Indicator lamp, indicating lamp: đèn báo hiệu, đèn chỉ thị.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Voltmetter, ampmetter, wattmetter, PF metter... các dụng cụ đo lường V, A, W, cos phi...</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Phase shifting transformer: Biến thế dời pha. </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Và ... nhà máy điện:</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Power plant: nhà máy điện.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Generator: máy phát điện.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Field: cuộn dây kích thích.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Winding: dây quấn.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Connector: dây nối.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Lead: dây đo của đồng hồ.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Wire: dây dẫn điện.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Exciter: máy kích thích.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Exciter field: kích thích của... máy kích thích.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Field amp: dòng điện kích thích.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Field volt: điện áp kích thích.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Active power: công suất hữu công, công suất tác dụng, công suất ảo.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Reactive power: Công suất phản kháng, công suất vô công, công suất ảo.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Governor: bộ điều tốc.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">AVR : Automatic Voltage Regulator: bộ điều áp tự động.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Armature: phần cảm.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Hydrolic: thủy lực.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Lub oil: = lubricating oil: dầu bôi trơn.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">AOP: Auxiliary oil pump: Bơm dầu phụ.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Boiler Feed pump: bơm nước cấp cho lò hơi.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Condensat pump: Bơm nước ngưng.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Circulating water pump: Bơm nước tuần hoàn.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bearing: gối trục, bợ trục, ổ đỡ...</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ball bearing: vòng bi, bạc đạn.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Bearing seal oil pump: Bơm dầu làm kín gối trục.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Brush: chổi than.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tachometer: tốc độ kế</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tachogenerator: máy phát tốc.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Vibration detector, Vibration sensor: cảm biến độ rung.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Coupling: khớp nối</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Fire detector: cảm biến lửa (dùng cho báo cháy).</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Flame detector: cảm biến lửa, dùng phát hiện lửa buồng đốt.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ignition transformer: biến áp đánh lửa.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Spark plug: nến lửa, Bu gi.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Burner: vòi đốt.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Solenoid valve: Van điện từ.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Check valve: van một chiều.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Control valve: van điều khiển được.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Motor operated control valve: Van điều chỉnh bằng động cơ điện.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Hydrolic control valve: vn điều khiển bằng thủy lực.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Phneumatic control valve: van điều khiển bằng khí áp. </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1 Introduction Nhập môn, giới thiệu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">2 Philosophy Triết lý</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">3 Linear Tuyến tính</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">4 Ideal Lý tưởng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">5 Voltage source Nguồn áp</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">6 Current source Nguồn dòng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">7 Voltage divider Bộ/mạch phân áp</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">8 Current divider Bộ/mạch phân dòng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">9 Superposition (Nguyên tắc) xếp chồng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">10 Ohm's law Định luật Ôm</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">11 Concept Khái niệm</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">12 Signal source Nguồn tín hiệu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">13 Amplifier Bộ/mạch khuếch đại</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">14 Load Tải</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">15 Ground terminal Cực (nối) đất</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">16 Input Ngõ vào</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">17 Output Ngõ ra</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">18 Open-circuit Hở mạch</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">19 Gain Hệ số khuếch đại (HSKĐ), độ lợi</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">20 Voltage gain Hệ số khuếch đại (độ lợi) điện áp</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">21 Current gain Hệ số khuếch đại (độ lợi) dòng điện</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">22 Power gain Hệ số khuếch đại (độ lợi) công suất</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">23 Power supply Nguồn (năng lượng)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">24 Power conservation Bảo toàn công suất</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">25 Efficiency Hiệu suất</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">26 Cascade Nối tầng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">27 Notation Cách ký hiệu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">28 Specific Cụ thể</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">29 Magnitude Độ lớn</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">30 Phase Pha</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">31 Model Mô hình</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">32 Transconductance Điện dẫn truyền</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">33 Transresistance Điện trở truyền</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">34 Resistance Điện trở</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">35 Uniqueness Tính độc nhất</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">36 Response Đáp ứng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">37 Differential Vi sai (so lệch)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">38 Differential-mode Chế độ vi sai (so lệch)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">39 Common-mode Chế độ cách chung</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">40 Rejection Ratio Tỷ số khử</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">41 Operational amplifier Bộ khuếch đại thuật toán</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">42 Operation Sự hoạt động</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">43 Negative Âm</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">44 Feedback Hồi tiếp</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">45 Slew rate Tốc độ thay đổi</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">46 Inverting Đảo (dấu)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">47 Noninverting Không đảo (dấu)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">48 Voltage follower Bộ/mạch theo điện áp</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">49 Summer Bộ/mạch cộng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">50 Diffential amplifier Bộ/mạch khuếch đại vi sai</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">51 Integrator Bộ/mạch tích phân</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">52 Differentiator Bộ/mạch vi phân</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">53 Tolerance Dung sai</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">54 Simultaneous equations Hệ phương trình</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">55 Diode Đi-ốt (linh kiện chỉnh lưu 2 cực)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">56 Load-line Đường tải (đặc tuyến tải)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">57 Analysis Phân tích</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">58 Piecewise-linear Tuyến tính từng đoạn</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">59 Application Ứng dụng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">60 Regulator Bộ/mạch ổn định</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">61 Numerical analysis Phân tích bằng phương pháp số</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">62 Loaded Có mang tải</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">63 Half-wave Nửa sóng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">64 Rectifier Bộ/mạch chỉnh lưu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">65 Charging Nạp (điện tích)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">66 Capacitance Điện dung</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">67 Ripple Độ nhấp nhô</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">68 Half-cycle Nửa chu kỳ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">69 Peak Đỉnh (của dạng sóng)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">70 Inverse voltage Điện áp ngược (đặt lên linh kiện chỉnh lưu)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">71 Bridge rectifier Bộ/mạch chỉnh lưu cầu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">72 Bipolar Lưỡng cực</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">73 Junction Mối nối (bán dẫn)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">74 Transistor Tran-zi-to (linh kiện tích cực 3 cực)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">75 Qualitative Định tính</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">76 Description (Sự) mô tả</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">77 Region Vùng/khu vực</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">78 Active-region Vùng khuếch đại</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">79 Quantitative Định lượng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">80 Emitter Cực phát</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">81 Common-emitter Cực phát chung</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">82 Characteristic Đặc tính</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">83 Cutoff Ngắt (đối với BJT)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">84 Saturation Bão hòa</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">85 Secondary Thứ cấp</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">86 Effect Hiệu ứng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">87 n-Channel Kênh N</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">88 Governing Chi phối</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">89 Triode Linh kiện 3 cực</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">90 Pinch-off Thắt (đối với FET)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">91 Boundary Biên</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">92 Transfer (Sự) truyền (năng lượng, tín hiệu …)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">93 Comparison Sự so sánh</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">94 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Bán dẫn ô-xít kim loại</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">95 Depletion (Sự) suy giảm</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">96 Enhancement (Sự) tăng cường</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">97 Consideration Xem xét</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">98 Gate Cổng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">99 Protection Bảo vệ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">100 Structure Cấu trúc</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">101 Diagram Sơ đồ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">102 Distortion Méo dạng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">103 Biasing (Việc) phân cực</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">104 Bias stability Độ ổn định phân cực</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">105 Four-resistor Bốn-điện trở</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">106 Fixed Cố định</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">107 Bias circuit Mạch phân cực</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">108 Constant base Dòng nền không đổi</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">109 Self bias Tự phân cực</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">110 Discrete Rời rạc</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">111 Dual-supply Nguồn đôi</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">112 Grounded-emitter Cực phát nối đất</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">113 Diode-based (Phát triển) trên nền đi-ốt</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">114 Current mirror Bộ/mạch gương dòng điện</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">115 Reference Tham chiếu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">116 Compliance Tuân thủ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">117 Relationship Mối quan hệ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">118 Multiple Nhiều (đa)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">119 Small-signal Tín hiệu nhỏ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">120 Equivalent circuit Mạch tương đương</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">121 Constructing Xây dựng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">122 Emitter follower Mạch theo điện áp (cực phát)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">123 Common collector Cực thu chung</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">124 Bode plot Giản đồ (lược đồ) Bode</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">125 Single-pole Đơn cực (chỉ có một cực)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">126 Low-pass Thông thấp</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">127 High-pass Thông cao</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">128 Coupling (Việc) ghép</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">129 RC-coupled Ghép bằng RC</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">130 Low-frequency Tần số thấp</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">131 Mid-frequency Tần số trung</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">132 Performance Hiệu năng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">133 Bypass Nối tắt</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">134 Deriving (Việc) rút ra (công thức, mối quan hệ, …)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">135 Hybrid Lai</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">136 High-frequency Tần số cao</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">137 Nonideal Không lý tưởng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">138 Imperfection Không hoàn hảo</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">139 Bandwidth Băng thông (dải thông)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">140 Nonlinear Phi tuyến</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">141 Voltage swing Biên điện áp (dao động)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">142 Current limits Các giới hạn dòng điện</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">143 Error model Mô hình sai số</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">144 Worst-case Trường hợp xấu nhất</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">145 Instrumentation amplifier Bộ/mạch khuếch đại dụng cụ (trong đo lường)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">146 Simplified Đơn giản hóa</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">147 Noise Nhiễu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">148 Johnson noise Nhiễu Johnson</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">149 Shot noise Nhiễu Schottky</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">150 Flicker noise Nhiễu hồng, nhiễu 1/f</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">151 Interference Sự nhiễu loạn</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">152 Noise performance Hiệu năng nhiễu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">153 Term Thuật ngữ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">154 Definition Định nghĩa</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">155 Convention Quy ước</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">156 Signal-to-noise ratio Tỷ số tín hiệu-nhiễu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">157 Noise figure Chỉ số nhiễu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">158 Noise temperature Nhiệt độ nhiễu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">159 Converting Chuyển đổi</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">160 Adding Thêm vào</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">161 Subtracting Bớt ra</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">162 Uncorrelated Không tương quan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">163 Quantity Đại lượng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">164 Calculation (Việc) tính toán, phép tính</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">165 Data Dữ liệu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">166 Logic gate Cổng luận lý</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">167 Inverter Bộ/mạch đảo (luận lý)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">168 Ideal case Trường hợp lý tưởng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">169 Actual case Trường hợp thực tế</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">170 Manufacturer Nhà sản xuất</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">171 Specification Chỉ tiêu kỹ thuật</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">172 Noise margin Biên chống nhiễu</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">173 Fan-out Khả năng kéo tải</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">174 Consumption Sự tiêu thụ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">175 Static Tĩnh</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">176 Dynamic Động</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">177 Rise time Thời gian tăng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">178 Fall time Thời gian giảm</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">179 Propagation delay Trễ lan truyền</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">180 Logic family Họ (vi mạch) luận lý</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">181 Pull-up Kéo lên</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">182 Drawback Nhược điểm</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">183 Large-signal Tín hiệu lớn</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">184 Half-circuit Nửa mạch (vi sai)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">185 Visualize Trực quan hóa</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">186 Node Nút</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">187 Mesh Lưới</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">188 Closed loop Vòng kín</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">189 Microphone Đầu thu âm</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">190 Sensor Cảm biến</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">191 Loudspeaker Loa</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">192 Microwave Vi ba</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">193 Oven Lò</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">194 Loading effect Hiệu ứng đặt tải</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">195 rms value Giá trị hiệu dụng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">196 figure of merit Chỉ số (không thứ nguyên)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">197 Visualization Sự trực quan hóa</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">198 Short-circuit Ngắn mạch</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">199 Voltmeter Vôn kế</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">200 Ammeter Ampe kế</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">201 Scale Thang đo</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">202 Fundamental Cơ bản</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">203 Product Tích</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">204 Derivation Sự rút ra</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">205 Level Mức</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">206 Simplicity Sự đơn giản</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">207 Conceptualize Khái niệm hóa</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">208 Phasor Vectơ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">209 Terminology Thuật ngữ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">210 Common-Mode Rejection Ratio Tỷ số khử (tín hiệu) cách chung</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">211 Voltage-dependent Phụ thuộc điện áp</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">212 Current-dependent Phụ thuộc dòng điện</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">213 Fraction Một phần</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">214 Quadrant Góc phần tư</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">215 Breakdown Đánh thủng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">216 Avalanche Thác lũ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">217 Graphical analysis Phân tích bằng đồ thị</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">218 Emission Sự phát xạ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">219 Thermal (Thuộc về) nhiệt</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">220 Approximation Sự xấp xỉ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">221 Generalization Sự khái quát hóa</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">222 Topology Sơ đồ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">223 Topologically Theo sơ đồ</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">224 w.r.t So với</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">225 Threshold Ngưỡng</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">226 Quiescent Tĩnh (điểm làm việc)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">227 Swing Biên dao động</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">228 Power dissipation Tiêu tán công suất</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">229 Transcendental Siêu việt</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">230 Numerator Tử số</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">231 Denominator Mẫu số</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">232 Asymptote Tiệm cận</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">233 Leakage Rò (rỉ) </span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Low Voltage (LV) :............. Hạ thế</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Medium Voltage (MV) :............. Trung thế</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">High Voltage (HV) :............. Cao thế</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Extremely High Voltage (EHV) :............. Siêu cao thế</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Điện áp danh định của hệ thống điện.............Nominal voltage of a system)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Giá trị định mức.............Rated value)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Điện áp vận hành hệ thống điện (Operating voltage in a system)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Điện áp cao nhất (hoặc thấp nhất) của hệ thống (Highest (lowest) voltage of a system)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Điện áp cao nhất đối với thiết bị (Highest voltage for equipment)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cấp điện áp (Voltage level)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Độ lệch điện áp (Voltage deviation)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Độ sụt điện áp đường dây (Line voltage drop)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dao động điện áp (Voltage fluctuation)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Quá điện áp (trong hệ thống) (Overvoltage (in a system))</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Quá điện áp tạm thời (Temporary overvoltage)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Quá điện áp quá độ (Transient overvoltage) </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dâng điện áp (Voltage surge)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Phục hồi điện áp (Voltage recovery)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sự không cân bằng điện áp (Voltage unbalance)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Quá điện áp thao tác (Switching overvoltage)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Quá điện áp sét (Lightning overvoltage</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Quá điện áp cộng hưởng (Resonant overvoltage)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Hệ số không cân bằng (Unbalance factor)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cấp cách điện (Insulation level)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cách điện ngoài (External insulation)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cách điện trong (Internal insulation)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cách điện tự phục hồi (Self-restoring insulation)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cách điện không tự phục hồi (Non-self-restoring insulation)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cách điện chính (Main insulation)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cách điện phụ (Auxiliary insulation)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cách điện kép (Double insulation)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Phối hợp cách điện (Insulation co-ordination)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Truyền tải điện (Transmission of electricity)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Phân phối điện (Distribution of electricity)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Liên kết hệ thống điện (Interconnection of power systems)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Điểm đấu nối (Connection point)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sơ đồ hệ thống điện (System diagram)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sơ đồ vận hành hệ thống điện (System operational diagram)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Quy hoạch hệ thống điện (Power system planning)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Độ ổn định của hệ thống điện (Power system stability)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Độ ổn định của tải (Load stability)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ổn định tĩnh của hệ thống điện (Steady state stability of a power system)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ổn định quá độ (ổn định động) của hệ thống điện (Transient stability of a power system)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ổn định có điều kiện của hệ thống điện (Conditional stability of a power system)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Vận hành đồng bộ hệ thống điện (Synchronous operation of a system)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Trung tâm điều độ hệ thống điện Quốc gia (National load dispatch center)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Hệ thống SCADA (Supervisory control and data acquisition system)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tiêu chuẩn vận hành (Operation regulation)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Quản lý nhu cầu hệ thống (System demand control)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dự báo quản lý hệ thống điện (Management forecast of a system)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tăng cường hệ thống điện (Reinforcement of a system)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Khoảng cách làm việc tối thiểu (Minimum working distance)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Khoảng trống cách điện tối thiểu (Minimum insulation clearance)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Khởi động lạnh tổ máy nhiệt điện (Cold start-up thermal generating set)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Khởi động nóng tổ máy nhiệt điện (Hot start-up thermal generating set)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Khả năng quá tải (Overload capacity)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sa thải phụ tải (Load shedding)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Công suất sẵn sàng của một tổ máy (hoặc một nhà máy điện) (Available capacity of a it (of a power station)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Công suất dự phòng của một hệ thống điện (Reserve power of a system)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dự phòng nóng (Hot stand-by)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dự phòng nguội (Cold reserve) I.1.79. Dự phòng sự cố (Outage reserve)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dự báo phụ tải (Load forecast)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dự báo cấu trúc phát điện (Generation mix forecast)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Chế độ xác lập của hệ thống điện (Steady state of a power system)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Chế độ quá độ của hệ thống điện (Transient state of a power system)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Trạng thái cân bằng của lưới điện nhiều pha (Balanced state of a polyphase network)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Trạng thái không cân bằng của một lưới điện nhiều pha (Unbalanced state of a polyphase network)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Độ tin cậy cung cấp điện (Service reliability)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Độ an toàn cung cấp điện (Service security)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Phân phối kinh tế phụ tải (Economic loading schedule)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sự cân bằng của lưới phân phối (Balancing of a distribution network)</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<br style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A/M Automatic/Manual</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">AAAC All Aluminum Alloy Conductor</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">AAC All Aluminum Conductor</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ACAR Aluminum Conductor Alloy Reinforced</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ACB Air Circuit Breaker</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ACSR Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">AFC Approved For Construction</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">AFD Approved For Design</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">AHU Air Handling Unit</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ANSI American National Standards Institute</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">APFR Automatic Power Factor Regulator</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">AR Auto Reclose (Relay)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ASAP As Soon As Possible</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ATS Automatic Transfer Switch</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">AUX Auxiliary</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">AWA Aluminum Wire Armoured (Cable)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">AWG American Wire Gauge</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">BB Bus Bar (Protection)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">BCT Bushing Current Transformer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">BFP Boiler Feed-water Pump</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">BHP Brake Horse Power</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">BIL Basic Impulse Level</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">BKR Breaker</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">B/L Bill of Lading</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">BM(BOM) Bill of Material</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">BOO Build Own Operate</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">BOP Balance Of Plant</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">BOT Build Own Transfer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">BS British Standards (institute)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">BSDG Black Start Diesel Generator</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">C&F Cost & Freight</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CAR Construction All Risk (Insurance)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CBF Circuit Breaker Fail (Protection)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CBM CuBic Meter (M³)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CCPD Coupling Capacitor Potential Device</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CCPP Combined Cycle Power Plant</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CCW Counter Clock Wise</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CED Chiep Executive Director</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CEO Chiep Executive Officer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CFO Chiep Financial Officer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CFR Cost,and Freight</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CHU Chiller Handling Unit</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">C/I Commercial Invoice</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CIF Cost Insurance and Freight</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CLR Current Limiting Reactor</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CM Construction Management</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">C/O Certificate of Origin</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">COS Cut Out Switch</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CPT Carriage Paid To</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CS Control Switch</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CT Current Transformer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CTT Current Transformer Test Terminal</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CUB Cubicle</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CVT Capacitive Voltage Transformer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CU Copper conductor</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CW Clock Wise</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">C/W Certificate of Weight</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CWP Cooling Water Pump (Circulating Water Pump)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">DAF Delivered At Frontier</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">D/G Diesel Generator</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">DCS Distributed Control System</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">DEF Delivered Ex Ship</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">DIFB Biased Differential (Relay)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">DIFF. Differenfial (Relay)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">DO Diesel Oil</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">DOL Direct On Line (Motor starting)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">DS Disconnecting Switch</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">DTR Digital Transient Recorder</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">EF Earth Fault (Relay)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">EFF. Efficiency</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">E/L Export License</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ELCB Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ELR Earth Leakage Relay</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">EM Engineering Manager / Earth Mast</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">EMS Energy Management System</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">EOCR Electronic Over Current Relay</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">EPC Engineering Procurenment Construction</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ES Earthing Switch</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ESD Emergency Shut Down</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ETA Estimated Time of Arrival</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ETD Estimated Time of Departure</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">EX Excitor</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">EXW Ex Works</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">FAS Free Alongside Ship</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">FAT Factory (or Field or Final) Acceptance Test</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">FCA Free Carrier</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">FD Forced Draft ↔ ID(Induced Draft)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">FDR Feeder</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">FL Fluorescent Light (Lamp)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">FOB Free On Board</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">FOR Forced Outage Rate / Free On Rail</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">FRLS Flame Retardent(or Fire Resistant) Low Smoked</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">FSA Fuel Supply Agreement</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">FSD Fire Shut Down</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">GCB Gas Circuit Breaker</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">GEN Generator</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">GIS Gas Insulated Switchgear</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">GIS Geographic Information System </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">GPS Global Positioning System</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">GPT Grounding Potential Transformer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">GT(G) Gas Turbine (Generator)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">GTY Gantry</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">HFO Heavy Fuel Oil</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">HPS High Pressure Sodium</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">HRSG Heat Recovery Steam Generator</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">HVAC Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I/C Inspection Certiviate</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ICT Interposing CT</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ID Induced Draft ↔ FD(Induced Draft)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">IDMT Inverse Definite Minimum Time</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">IEC International Electrotechnical Commission</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">IFA Issued For Approval</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">IFC Issued For Construction</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">IFD Issued For Design</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">IOM Inter Office Memorandum</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I/P Inusrance Policy</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">IPB Isolated Phase Busduct</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">IPP Independant Power Producer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ISF Instrument Safety Factor</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ITB Invitation To Bid</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ITP Inspection (and) Test Plan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">JB(J/B) Junction Box</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">JCS The Japanese Cable Manufacturer's Association Standard</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">JEC Standard of the Japanese Electrotechnical Committee</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">JEM The Standard of Japan Electrical Manufacturer's Association</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">JIS Japanese Industrial Standards</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">L.O. Lube Oil</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">L/C Letter of Credit</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">L/I Letter of Intent</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">LA Linghtning Arrester</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">LC Load Center</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">LCD Liquid Crystal Display</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">LCP Local Control Panel</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">LCS Local Control Station</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">LE / LE Lead Engineer / Loss of Excitation (Relay)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">LED Light Emitting Diode</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">LFO Light Fuel Oil</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">LOR Lock Out Relay</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">LRC Load Ratio Controller</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">LT Line Trap</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">LTG Lighting</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">M/H Man Hour</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">M/M Man Month</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MC Magnetic Contactor</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MCC Motor Control Center</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MDF Main Distribution Frame</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MF Maintenance Free / Multiplying Factor</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MK Marshalling Kiosk</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MMI Man-Machine Interface</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MOF Metering Outfit</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MOM Minutes Of Meeting</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MOU Memorandom Of Understanding</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MOV Motor Operating Valve</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MPR Motor Projection Relay / Monthly Progress Report </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MTBF Mean Time Between Failure</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MTO Material Take Off</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">MVR Manual Voltage Regulator</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NEC National Electrical Code</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NEMA National Electrical Manufacturer's Association</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NGR(NER) Neutral Grounding Resister(Neutral Earthing Resister)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NGT(NGTR) Neutral Grounding Transformer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NLTC No Load Tap Changer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NPS Negative Phase Sequence (Relay)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NSPB Non Segregate Phase Busduct</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">NVD Neutral Voltage Displacement</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">O&M Operation & Maintenance</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">OCB / MOCB Oil Circuit Breaker / Minmum Oil Circuit Breaker</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">OCR Over Current Relay</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">OJT On the Job Training</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">OLTC On Load Tap Changer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ONAN/ONAF Oil Nature Air Nature / Oil Nature Air Forced</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">OV Over Voltage (Relay)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">P&ID Piping and Instrument Diagram</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">P.U Pressurization Unit / Per Unit</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">P/O Purchase Order</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchanger</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PB Push Button</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PC Procurement Coordinator</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PCB Poly Chlorinated Bi-phenyl / Printed Circuit Board</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PCS Pieces</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PD Project Director</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PE Project Engineer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PFD Process Flow Diagram</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PI Post Insulator</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PJT Project</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">P/L Packing List</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PLC Programmable Logic Controller</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PLCC Power Line Carrier Communication</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PM Project Manager</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PMT Project Management Team</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PN Plant North</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PNL Panel</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PPA Power Purchase Agreement</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PQ Pre-Qualification</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PS Purchase Specification</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PSS Power System Stabilizer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PT Potential Transformer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PTT Potential Transformer Test Terminal</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">R/L Remote/Local</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">RCP Remote Control Panel</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">REF Restriced Earth Fault (Relay)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">RFQ(RFP) Request For Quotation (Proposal)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">RIV Radio Inflenced Voltage</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">RM. Ringgit Malaysia</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rp. Rupiah</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">RP Reverse Power (Relay)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">RPM Revolution Per Minute</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rs. Rupees</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">RTD Resistance Temperature Detector</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">RTU Remote Terminal Unit</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">RY Relay</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">S.C Static Condenser</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">S.R Series Reactor</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">S/S Substation</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SA Surge Arrester</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SBEF StandBy Earth Fault (Relay)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier / Short Circuit Ratio</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SCS Substation Control System</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SER Sequence Event Recorder</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SIL Surge Impedance Loading</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SLD Single Line Diagram</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SLS Synchronizing Switch</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SPB Segregated Phase Busduct</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SPST Single Pole Single Throw</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SS Selector Switch or Syncro Switch</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SSTD Solid State Trip Device</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ST(G) Steam Turbine (Generator)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">STP Sewage Treatment Plant</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SW Switch</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SWA (Galavinized) Steel Wire Armoured (Cable)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SWGR SWITCHGEAR</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SWYD SWITCHYARD</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">SYN Synchronizing</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">T/L Transmission Line</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TB Terminal Board</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TBE, TBA Technical Bid Evaluation (Analysis)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TBN Turbine</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TCS Trip Circuit Supervision (Relay)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TCU Tele Counting Unit</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TE Electrical reset Trip (Relay)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TEFC Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TEWAC Totally Enclosed Water (to) Air Cooled</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TLP Transformer Local Panel</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TPN Triple Pole Neutral</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TR Transformer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">TRV Transient Recovery Voltage</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">UV Under Voltage (Relay)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">VCB Vacuum Circuit Breaker</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">VCS Vacuum Combination Starter</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">VRO Voltage Restrained Overcurrent (Relay)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">VT Voltage Transformer</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">WHRH Waste Heat Recovery Boiler</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">XLPE Cross Linked Poly Ethylene (Insulation)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Y2K Year 2000 (millenium bug)</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "verdana" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ZCT Zero-phase Current Transformer</span>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-89527810128840771482017-11-30T11:24:00.002+07:002017-11-30T13:06:27.958+07:00HƯỚNG DẪN CÁCH TẠO HEADER VÀ FOOTER TRONG WORDHeader và Footer là những dòng thông tin (tác giả, đơn vị, năm xuất bản...) được chèn ở đầu và cuối trang.<br />
Bài viết này hướng dẫn cách chèn Header và Footder trong MS Word 2010. Các phiên bản về sau sử dụng tương tự.<br />
<br />
<b><span style="color: red;">1. Tạo Header và Footer cho toàn văn bản</span></b><br />
Để tạo Header và Footer cho toàn văn bản, ta thực hiện như sau<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Double click vào đầu mép trên hoặc mép dưới của văn bản. Trên trang văn bản sẽ xuất hiện dấu nháy chuột. Việc tiếp theo là điền thông tin cần thiết vào 2 vị trí này. Có thể sử dụng các công cụ trình bày văn bản thông thường. Sau khi nhập thông tin, click chuột vào một điểm bất kì nằm ở khoảng giữa trang văn bản để thoát khỏi chế độ chèn Header và Footer.</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGgHMarxT7VAFws2Jl9HnP-UzyxLcaIGGwLYLQT4aZxHd_uKN2pR36xc8TvOd1Ps8hr0U8AOTLb0WPKUIiwHEMhFU8T52ybXpByn2lAwzKMVSFIBoaCdRb4EzF_YfmG6aBJd-L00XLnVvi/s1600/1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="1280" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGgHMarxT7VAFws2Jl9HnP-UzyxLcaIGGwLYLQT4aZxHd_uKN2pR36xc8TvOd1Ps8hr0U8AOTLb0WPKUIiwHEMhFU8T52ybXpByn2lAwzKMVSFIBoaCdRb4EzF_YfmG6aBJd-L00XLnVvi/s640/1.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgds0Qk3AtqTX-nnwRlV4rjafnvL_0AGhZQ7cBfA4GR6KW9-r16IcXmB2EinOaap1u-uFlyk7co7EIXe55PU-cJDOjFZ7_7XEgYZqLfljEr8FVDb9rQkmz_jvUiBLSvetyfPCksQ_e9Upts/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="381" data-original-width="1280" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgds0Qk3AtqTX-nnwRlV4rjafnvL_0AGhZQ7cBfA4GR6KW9-r16IcXmB2EinOaap1u-uFlyk7co7EIXe55PU-cJDOjFZ7_7XEgYZqLfljEr8FVDb9rQkmz_jvUiBLSvetyfPCksQ_e9Upts/s640/2.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
Ngoài cách trên, chúng ta cũng có thể sử dụng công cụ chèn Header và Footer mà MS Word đã thiết kế sẵn. Cách làm như sau:<br />
Từ menu Insert, chọn Header hoặc Footer, chọn một trong các mẫu Header hoặc Footer mà MS Word đã thiết kế sẵn. Việc tiếp theo là nhập những thông tin cần thiết.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibZLeO03jF_hX7wWLh9If4doJR2NfonNAEnbE4MZGUzvdU4azluOLe-j3bwP7kqT_YpKsJtOovOJZKRujmxZpry4uWMTnLEuYBpKVqgpg_fiA9pgm1HNNgMjHBFHt-BcPGQRa7C4ZIqvYO/s1600/3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="842" data-original-width="1280" height="419" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibZLeO03jF_hX7wWLh9If4doJR2NfonNAEnbE4MZGUzvdU4azluOLe-j3bwP7kqT_YpKsJtOovOJZKRujmxZpry4uWMTnLEuYBpKVqgpg_fiA9pgm1HNNgMjHBFHt-BcPGQRa7C4ZIqvYO/s640/3.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<b><span style="color: red;">2. Tạo Header và Footer cho một trang bất kỳ</span></b><br />
Một số loại văn bản có trang bìa, lời giới thiệu, mục lục... rồi mới đến phần nội dung. Những phần này thường không được chèn nội dung. Để chèn Header và Footer từ phần nội dung trở về sau, văn bản đó phải chia thành 2 phần (section) khác nhau.<br />
<br />
Lấy ví dụ, văn bản có 2 trang, và chúng ta muốn chèn Header và Footer kể từ trang số 2. Đưa chuột vào cuối trang 1.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkkLp5X8J3mlLGyKhWqxiKFCfj69Xcdj6jYrWNUshjz05MsMIaoXW5zUS2YXn72VDB8-x2hvztD55bFfaz4ARQZyIPfdBz57OnFkBFaDEU8ilcH1QJeh9TBB3NBkRuDU_kRlIE5KZa7G6u/s1600/4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="853" data-original-width="1280" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkkLp5X8J3mlLGyKhWqxiKFCfj69Xcdj6jYrWNUshjz05MsMIaoXW5zUS2YXn72VDB8-x2hvztD55bFfaz4ARQZyIPfdBz57OnFkBFaDEU8ilcH1QJeh9TBB3NBkRuDU_kRlIE5KZa7G6u/s640/4.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
Trong menu Page Layout, chọn Breaks,chọn Next Page<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPylOFxZfnmRedarfDrROfDcyLAcYo7L2qdMO0kFVPRQQHiWcosks-KsPPa135L0GF4JiNn__24aHb0YKa26Kfr3-wwWFNJG06pjcOhXWZviIOJJhPn4TaQ-XYp8tlMI_eaXv9qfpCjVLl/s1600/5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="541" data-original-width="1014" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPylOFxZfnmRedarfDrROfDcyLAcYo7L2qdMO0kFVPRQQHiWcosks-KsPPa135L0GF4JiNn__24aHb0YKa26Kfr3-wwWFNJG06pjcOhXWZviIOJJhPn4TaQ-XYp8tlMI_eaXv9qfpCjVLl/s640/5.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
Sau đó click vào mép trên hoặc dưới của văn bản để chèn Header và Footer tương tự ở mục 1.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQdfDXsx3LVVZYfzwSwuYJVp86h1qq6bfytK3_KCfAcjOHfnaznyH64NeljBbg5EAFoj_OPXk3dq5i5nRaXmx3PcXnNSTwPpbbBz25wgCRJDEvFy1hNTOxsaVCXa86SsypBr028fM4h6am/s1600/6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="799" data-original-width="577" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQdfDXsx3LVVZYfzwSwuYJVp86h1qq6bfytK3_KCfAcjOHfnaznyH64NeljBbg5EAFoj_OPXk3dq5i5nRaXmx3PcXnNSTwPpbbBz25wgCRJDEvFy1hNTOxsaVCXa86SsypBr028fM4h6am/s640/6.png" width="462" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
Quan sát lúc này chúng ta thấy ở trang 1 và trang 2 sẽ có sự khác biệt về Header và Footer. Chúng ta có thể tạo Header và Footer cho Section 1 mà không ảnh hưởng đến Section 2 và ngược lại. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-7918098032261419812017-11-30T10:45:00.000+07:002017-11-30T13:06:40.181+07:00CĂN CHỈNH LỀ CHO KHỔ GIẤY TRONG WORD Bài viết này hướng dẫn cách căn chỉnh lề cho khổ giấy trong MS Word 2010. Các phiên bản về sau sử dụng tương tự.<br />
<br />
<b><span style="color: red;">1. Chỉnh đơn vị đo trong MS Word</span></b><br />
Theo mặc định, phần mềm MS Word sử dụng hệ đơn vị đo là Inch, trong khi chúng ta thường sử dụng đơn vị đo là Centimet.<br />
Để điều chỉnh đơn vị đo trong MS Word sang Centimet hoặc một hệ đơn vị khác, ta thực hiện như sau:<br />
<br />
B1: Vào Menu File, chọn Options<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNjGEjzPMbHjVwk9cSHjQT3HSSliSPh4EuXum1I-a3boPXgRk9t4cEaaLSbVbN1hTin2cjZWXm_Pe7LOxwYSlfgFVHxm7SIprO7QoLV_XWNrdDF5CKGFkuxChtpJxCEyTVxKERWk08xsLE/s1600/1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="386" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNjGEjzPMbHjVwk9cSHjQT3HSSliSPh4EuXum1I-a3boPXgRk9t4cEaaLSbVbN1hTin2cjZWXm_Pe7LOxwYSlfgFVHxm7SIprO7QoLV_XWNrdDF5CKGFkuxChtpJxCEyTVxKERWk08xsLE/s400/1.png" width="301" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
B2: Trong cửa sổ Word Options, Click chọn Advanced, chọn Hệ đơn vị Centimeters, rồi nhấn OK</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-dHIGUz9lsfYFgdEtYr6bm2jfg3vM1tQpoRoALQe14yX8BRvfZhEr5rTqgtZCXsWjI8x3sSCWHekOhZXw-gARAyNbVze9LqY64ZVeuVp7UFjrGnFVQ6pI85CkZwnnDI_acE6CwgZfZs4t/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="685" data-original-width="840" height="520" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-dHIGUz9lsfYFgdEtYr6bm2jfg3vM1tQpoRoALQe14yX8BRvfZhEr5rTqgtZCXsWjI8x3sSCWHekOhZXw-gARAyNbVze9LqY64ZVeuVp7UFjrGnFVQ6pI85CkZwnnDI_acE6CwgZfZs4t/s640/2.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<b><span style="color: red;">2. Căn chỉnh lề theo ý muốn</span></b><br />
B1: Trong môi trường Word, Chọn Page Layout, Chọn Page Setup<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid9rck3WM3zGJkjRSanzxI-d3pQoVwDQDr13iGelTrRifmVRj5CZ4jmWhYcmlBEBgonvsVlY82FkQWtd-fu4j8Ky3BQTo33vBKVz8smbJk6wFZ_iuWeVKAtVfn_ximbkuNlymDBwZFpXP8/s1600/3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="392" data-original-width="838" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid9rck3WM3zGJkjRSanzxI-d3pQoVwDQDr13iGelTrRifmVRj5CZ4jmWhYcmlBEBgonvsVlY82FkQWtd-fu4j8Ky3BQTo33vBKVz8smbJk6wFZ_iuWeVKAtVfn_ximbkuNlymDBwZFpXP8/s640/3.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
B2: Cửa sổ Page Setup xuất hiện. Chọn Thẻ Paper, Trong ô Paper size chọn khổ giấy A4.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuJ8_4vmPV40E_k9oKVcy77jIEZ0rLR9j13yjiy7F92EPbIbIaWG-yqiOOXglIelrYwP35qvm033Ah72j_P6PE4IaNDHJ7F7cdP_e7ilaKAEeqCQY7ZYjuyVYP6ChAAFQoKBWdn1qCtx6D/s1600/4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="556" data-original-width="409" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuJ8_4vmPV40E_k9oKVcy77jIEZ0rLR9j13yjiy7F92EPbIbIaWG-yqiOOXglIelrYwP35qvm033Ah72j_P6PE4IaNDHJ7F7cdP_e7ilaKAEeqCQY7ZYjuyVYP6ChAAFQoKBWdn1qCtx6D/s400/4.png" width="293" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
B3: Chọn thẻ Margins. Trong ô Margins, lần lượt nhập kích thước căn lề<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>Top: phía trên</li>
<li>Bottom: phía dưới</li>
<li>Left: Bên trái</li>
<li>Right: Bên phải</li>
</ul>
<div>
Chọn chiều quay giấy Portrait (thẳng đứng) hay Landscape (nằm ngang)</div>
<div>
Nhấn Ok để hoàn tất</div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7825VOKMdc8Q3Ie4-wZGHyvpxBK85atYkiGYbMuiA3ld4JQoNWvrtSaTBBLKDhpqaOVx7tSvt6-H6wtbQulhTYJ1ZSX1a01JXcjY3hupEQWCJYGKQYuWRFKAY7jZkl5wK8POhGeurRoH5/s1600/3b.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="554" data-original-width="406" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7825VOKMdc8Q3Ie4-wZGHyvpxBK85atYkiGYbMuiA3ld4JQoNWvrtSaTBBLKDhpqaOVx7tSvt6-H6wtbQulhTYJ1ZSX1a01JXcjY3hupEQWCJYGKQYuWRFKAY7jZkl5wK8POhGeurRoH5/s400/3b.png" width="292" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-33949194840661454872017-09-12T21:33:00.003+07:002017-10-19T16:34:19.713+07:00Bài tập AutoCAD 2D<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGh8oe__h8PMLrHCIK_Nb4ApIC3jytib37NLRZq9bLH4BwsxKZ_-Y6Ui9E14KlPQV-fS-AwBjmuFEILzLYYEctOmCu4cafhpwsYVi-9hoGCPphvusRKTnivplSXesIfGQZo3t8BfjwbDea/s1600/jrkWtd9-ljzA4sKqs79FkftHwSkaktOWbYO9veu8kdk.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="205" data-original-width="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGh8oe__h8PMLrHCIK_Nb4ApIC3jytib37NLRZq9bLH4BwsxKZ_-Y6Ui9E14KlPQV-fS-AwBjmuFEILzLYYEctOmCu4cafhpwsYVi-9hoGCPphvusRKTnivplSXesIfGQZo3t8BfjwbDea/s1600/jrkWtd9-ljzA4sKqs79FkftHwSkaktOWbYO9veu8kdk.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/ficscs6i6irwixy/100_CAD_Exercises.pdf">http://www.mediafire.com/file/ficscs6i6irwixy/100_CAD_Exercises.pdf</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/9izvm061ar75f9m/Bai_tap_Autocad.doc">http://www.mediafire.com/file/9izvm061ar75f9m/Bai_tap_Autocad.doc</a>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-26782634560491154882017-08-29T10:01:00.003+07:002017-08-29T10:01:30.591+07:00TCVN 7922:2008<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwsD2S2iQxcG6aKjECxT0F8Uh6pccsJpigXEpjJJK0A6eYCGKBFTsblL8HgXfNk3dmqvIGLiwa_r3bXnPIi9dTBMEi21AXQx_juBY9rHR55z9bmHOmuLB0YvTuHN-zxLLxYNfDfy3jgCWK/s1600/28072013162631-ntnthologo_TCVN.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="200" data-original-width="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwsD2S2iQxcG6aKjECxT0F8Uh6pccsJpigXEpjJJK0A6eYCGKBFTsblL8HgXfNk3dmqvIGLiwa_r3bXnPIi9dTBMEi21AXQx_juBY9rHR55z9bmHOmuLB0YvTuHN-zxLLxYNfDfy3jgCWK/s1600/28072013162631-ntnthologo_TCVN.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TCVN 7922:2008 thay thế cho TCVN
185-86; TCVN 1613-75; TCVN 1614-87; TCVN
1616-87; TCVN 1617-87; TCVN 1618-75; TCVN 1619-87; TCVN 1620-75; TCVN 1621-75;
TCVN 1622-87; TCVN 1623-87; TCVN 1624-75; TCVN 1625-87; TCVN 1626-87; TCVN
1627-87; TCVN 1628-87; TCVN 1629-75; TCVN 1630-75; TCVN 1631-75; TCVN 1632-75;
TCVN 1633-75; TCVN 1634-75; TCVN 1635-87; TCVN 1636-87; TCVN 1637-75; TCVN
1638-75 vµ TCVN 1639-75; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TCVN 7922 : 2008 hoàn toàn tương đương
với IEC 60617: 2002.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link download: <a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/43za58rq094m3oa/nguyenphatloi.com_tcvn7922-2008.pdf">http://www.mediafire.com/file/43za58rq094m3oa/nguyenphatloi.com_tcvn7922-2008.pdf</a></span></div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-68558075085134216112017-05-18T08:02:00.003+07:002017-05-18T08:02:56.412+07:00[AUTOCAD] LAYER VÀ QUẢN LÝ LAYER TRONG AUTOCAD<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Layer là các lớp, các nét trong file bản vẽ autocad. Hay nói rõ hơn thì Layer trong autocad dùng để quản lý các lớp vẽ, các nét vẽ hiệu quả và chuyên nghiệp. Trong quá trình làm việc với bản vẽ chúng ta dung layer trong autocad để hiện hoặc tắt lớp vẽ, nét vẽ nhằm tránh nhầm lẫn hạng mục này với hạng mục khác. Trong quá trình chiết xuất file bản vẽ, chúng ta dung layer để tắt hoặc hiện những hạng mục cần chiết xuất. Trong quá trình in ấn chúng ta dung layer để hiện những hạng mục, những nét vẽ cần in ấn còn những hạng mục không cần in ấn chúng ta có thể tắt đi.</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Quá trình tắt layer để chỉnh sửa, in ấn, xuất file bản vẽ đang làm việc hiện hành sẽ không làm ảnh hưởng tới layer đã bị tắt.</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Để gọi bảng quản lý layer chúng ta sử dụng lệnh tắt là: LA => Enter</div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
Cửa sổ quản lý layer trong autocad</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiksjNUSY_A8zLtcXElQ4v-6XSYcJrmomH0TVuIEWK_cwdmclpTox7wV9kN3NKxgKkrDzaWKAPooFfJcqgN0-unfFIayCI8zwlZ_BLznM5F1oRsmNu8ojDcuW2dYVQwXX__QS1yPHJ4zemA/s1600/1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiksjNUSY_A8zLtcXElQ4v-6XSYcJrmomH0TVuIEWK_cwdmclpTox7wV9kN3NKxgKkrDzaWKAPooFfJcqgN0-unfFIayCI8zwlZ_BLznM5F1oRsmNu8ojDcuW2dYVQwXX__QS1yPHJ4zemA/s640/1.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<ol style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Thiết lập layer.</li>
</ol>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
+ Tạo layer mới</div>
<ul style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">chúng ta click chuột vào biểu tượng New Layer như trong hình</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hoặc chúng ta nhấn tổ hợp phím Alt + N</li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-YKBe_nx6aWDF76Ph6PXOQACk_umTMSPas3tgph9uB5eczUHvtapwTw_4nP-gCBk19MWOS-eFqA3mWCARXWu2PnxT2Tx36p_H0KwjnCw6j3gVNadgnLYFkJGFSRBdEW6LmNgWqrZvW0Sd/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-YKBe_nx6aWDF76Ph6PXOQACk_umTMSPas3tgph9uB5eczUHvtapwTw_4nP-gCBk19MWOS-eFqA3mWCARXWu2PnxT2Tx36p_H0KwjnCw6j3gVNadgnLYFkJGFSRBdEW6LmNgWqrZvW0Sd/s640/2.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
+ Xóa một layer.</div>
<ul style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chúng ta click chọn đánh dấu layer cần xóa rồi click chọn vào biểu tượng X màu đỏ.</li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj15HJHgeLrmVfLr0k47Nc9gqgTKH-8sXo8nvNvJuRikzhqBZy_AwU7KaEeIQUXrRydAHXDW4B57BnoFYBrsx-V-MkmtDlaHpMbWpLAwQ-wEmy7o5RAhyO8dMoQT3qvMGwli9ylTZXLjcXf/s1600/3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj15HJHgeLrmVfLr0k47Nc9gqgTKH-8sXo8nvNvJuRikzhqBZy_AwU7KaEeIQUXrRydAHXDW4B57BnoFYBrsx-V-MkmtDlaHpMbWpLAwQ-wEmy7o5RAhyO8dMoQT3qvMGwli9ylTZXLjcXf/s640/3.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
+ Ý nghĩa của các tab trong của sổ <strong style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">layer properties manager.</strong></div>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></span><br />
<ul style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Status: Ấn định layer hiện hành</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Name: Tên của layer (Tên này do người vẽ đặt phù hợp với hạng mục thiết kế)</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">On: Thể hiện layer này đang tắt, layer nào đang được bật.</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Freeze: Bật và tắt lớp (Click vào biểu tượg mặt trời để tắt hoặc bật lớp)</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(Khóa layer thì nét trong layer đó vân thể hiện trên cửa sổ làm việc nhưng không thể can thiệp để chỉnh sửa hoặc xóa.</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Color: Màu cho layer.</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Linetype: Kiểu đường nét trong layer.</li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOUEFrXdvU47n4E7yXst0ERnfmMEYUwCM0x_6Koz703t6_YTjE2gbQudnZrleK2nmB4fJazrHN0MbVJtEdsEQC3IwsH51EbFd8UmbgIVGgm8B9ILxl-2EGxYnADeG-XntnPx6A5oF3coMY/s1600/4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOUEFrXdvU47n4E7yXst0ERnfmMEYUwCM0x_6Koz703t6_YTjE2gbQudnZrleK2nmB4fJazrHN0MbVJtEdsEQC3IwsH51EbFd8UmbgIVGgm8B9ILxl-2EGxYnADeG-XntnPx6A5oF3coMY/s640/4.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">Click vào nút LOAD để chọn kiểu nét vẽ. màn hình hiện ra như sau:</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjZGk8LyBSKMNY2jeRo5ZXbAHefzjjT-LtkDHzdZtRTdxNP_oJ2MGzG5OzajAeOQFVXsfavtzs1wQX50VO9MFpLutzWJ3do875Y1Sm1ixBV9fjtPLcV88hlRPNB85EAd_flFscuD3oBGZm/s1600/5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="472" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjZGk8LyBSKMNY2jeRo5ZXbAHefzjjT-LtkDHzdZtRTdxNP_oJ2MGzG5OzajAeOQFVXsfavtzs1wQX50VO9MFpLutzWJ3do875Y1Sm1ixBV9fjtPLcV88hlRPNB85EAd_flFscuD3oBGZm/s640/5.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<ul style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Transprency: Độ trong suốt của nét vẽ trong layer. Giá trị và độ trong suốt tỷ lệ thuận với nhau.</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Plot style. Kiểu in theo màu.</li>
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Plot: Lệnh in từng layer</li>
</ul>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
+ Lệnh gọi bảng layer properties manager:</div>
<ul style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">LA => Enter</li>
</ul>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
+ Lệnh tắt một layer:</div>
<ul style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Layoff => Enter và click chọn layer cần tắt trên màn hình làm việc.</li>
</ul>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
+ lệnh bật toàn bộ layer:</div>
<ul style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lệnh Layon => Enter (Tất cả layer trong bản vẽ làm việc sẽ được bật lên)</li>
</ul>
<div style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
+ Lệnh mở một layer duy nhất:</div>
<ul style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: inside; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Lệnh layiso => Enter chọn layer cần hiện.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><i>nguồn: cadvn.com</i></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #666666; font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-3146782629128413362017-05-04T09:25:00.001+07:002017-05-04T09:33:31.207+07:00[AUTOCAD] LỆNH CHIA ĐỐI TƯỢNGTrước khi thực hiện lệnh chia đối tượng, ta cần thiết lập hình dáng của điểm chia (Point Style) bằng cách sau:<br />
<b style="color: blue; text-align: justify;">Cách 1: Nhập lệnh: DDPTYPE</b><br />
<b><span style="color: blue;">Cách 2: </span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: blue;">+ Giao diện AutoCAD Classic:</span></b><br />
- Vào menu Format, chọn Point Style.<br />
<b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: blue;"><complete id="goog_1683435993">+ </complete>Giao diện Drafting and Annotation:</span></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
- Vào nút công cụ Utilities, chọn Point Style.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiziBPISma1vUwLAOpLsPVukF4aexx2n3Qr7IHGLHttW7-wv_2yKUVJKW4BMCzdZ33O7WHNOLjSx3boFM_wovzs3TN6WXz4KdSZrXGoa7sewwnK4Eya8O_Z9EMo_YKQryrUcWUsn6ON0AcQ/s1600/4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiziBPISma1vUwLAOpLsPVukF4aexx2n3Qr7IHGLHttW7-wv_2yKUVJKW4BMCzdZ33O7WHNOLjSx3boFM_wovzs3TN6WXz4KdSZrXGoa7sewwnK4Eya8O_Z9EMo_YKQryrUcWUsn6ON0AcQ/s320/4.png" width="243" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
- Cửa sổ Point Style xuất hiện, chọn một hình dáng điểm bất kỳ.</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDMGJA9KlKdUoZizZXg2mS0iwJL89k_vIAOrH89QG5KTTrMWGscjgSXc12zLMis073cf5GTDos2534Mx3-9lVFpv_9LaM6LZ1jIaVFljFrjbAQ-Kdh2nx_E_sl1KTOMoJFeSnYBggD5oGR/s1600/2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDMGJA9KlKdUoZizZXg2mS0iwJL89k_vIAOrH89QG5KTTrMWGscjgSXc12zLMis073cf5GTDos2534Mx3-9lVFpv_9LaM6LZ1jIaVFljFrjbAQ-Kdh2nx_E_sl1KTOMoJFeSnYBggD5oGR/s320/2.png" width="246" /></a></div>
<br />
<b><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="color: red;">1. LỆNH CHIA ĐỐI TƯỢNG THÀNH n PHẦN BẰNG NHAU</span></b><br />
- Nhập lệnh: DIV , Enter<br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">- <i>Select Object to divide:</i></span> Chọn đối tượng muốn chia.<br />
<i><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">- Enter the number of segments or [Block]:</span></i> Nhập số lượng đoạn thẳng muốn chia rồi nhấn Enter.<br />
<br />
Ví dụ: Muốn chia đoạn thẳng dài 200 thành 7 phần bằng nhau, ta thực hiện như sau:<br />
- Nhập lệnh DIV, Enter<br />
- Chọn đoạn thẳng 200, Enter.<br />
- Nhập số 7, Enter<br />
Kết quả xuất hiện như hình bên dưới.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimXCGi6RU2YWBDEv1tfUtTpbGWE6j99oNGfd16pZlm7-Qlb0rcjejHZPv_tcIgsbDKiWS4JKXOr9TJtcP8dZCx6CgoElBujpAWbQYyn0iy28LHCbp4jh8T2A81gNuvDx_7cJ58RxLVNwxw/s1600/1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimXCGi6RU2YWBDEv1tfUtTpbGWE6j99oNGfd16pZlm7-Qlb0rcjejHZPv_tcIgsbDKiWS4JKXOr9TJtcP8dZCx6CgoElBujpAWbQYyn0iy28LHCbp4jh8T2A81gNuvDx_7cJ58RxLVNwxw/s640/1.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: red;">2. LỆNH CHIA ĐỐI TƯỢNG THÀNH NHIỀU PHẦN CÓ ĐỘ DÀI L</span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
- Nhập lệnh ME, Enter</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><i>- Select Object to measure:</i></span> chọn đối tượng muốn chia.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><i>- Specify length of segments or [Block]:</i></span> nhập chiều dài L để chia đối tượng.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
Ví dụ: Muốn chia đoạn thẳng dài 200 thành các đoạn thẳng có độ dài 30, ta thực hiện như sau:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
- Nhập lệnh ME, Enter.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
- Chọn đoạn thẳng 200, Enter.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
- Nhập số 30, Enter</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
Kết quả xuất hiện như hình bên dưới.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8j_xT2tjTEeuUhakGZ0diuAaCDGXtJQTP7rYyXCz8N8sooqF_Gh4r4wgyPN8qocq0xP0LN0X2589J4FOtC3fbeBrw96O-9ZKDntq_oCEOzoe9sT5uz9YoJtWgIm3QhWEsuHTdmZUFenaF/s1600/3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8j_xT2tjTEeuUhakGZ0diuAaCDGXtJQTP7rYyXCz8N8sooqF_Gh4r4wgyPN8qocq0xP0LN0X2589J4FOtC3fbeBrw96O-9ZKDntq_oCEOzoe9sT5uz9YoJtWgIm3QhWEsuHTdmZUFenaF/s640/3.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-31937254371258852562017-03-10T21:49:00.002+07:002017-03-29T11:19:17.010+07:00BIỂU MẪU THỰC TẬP DOANH NGHIỆP CD14DD<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTpg0mSLKDSWimlUrahw-R9dSROwi_O-xXkmafIwMRi709RlHvqKdFESvkICyJNek8cuNxdqRYJXIJaYxogIo1U76MpfjW5uN8YSXNw_Qqir3vqZr6YxidLqYiT3AP7VQPt92gjs6DZ5CG/s1600/Talent-Mind-Internship.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTpg0mSLKDSWimlUrahw-R9dSROwi_O-xXkmafIwMRi709RlHvqKdFESvkICyJNek8cuNxdqRYJXIJaYxogIo1U76MpfjW5uN8YSXNw_Qqir3vqZr6YxidLqYiT3AP7VQPt92gjs6DZ5CG/s400/Talent-Mind-Internship.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<b><span style="color: red;">THỨ NĂM NGÀY 30/3/2017 CÁC EM NỘP BÁO CÁO THỰC TẬP DOANH NGHIỆP TẠI VĂN PHÒNG KHOA, TỪ 8H30 - 8H50</span></b><br />
<br />
Sinh viên download biểu mẫu ở link sau:<br />
<div>
<a href="http://www.mediafire.com/file/5cq6utcczxb2p2y/BIEU+MAU+BAO+CAO.doc">http://www.mediafire.com/file/5cq6utcczxb2p2y/BIEU+MAU+BAO+CAO.doc</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Biểu mẫu (1) <b>Nhận xét của doanh nghiệp</b> và (2) <b>Nhận xét của giảng viên hướng dẫn</b> thầy đã gửi cho đại diện các nhóm (Sinh viên có thể mượn bạn để photo các biểu mẫu đính kèm vào )<br />
<br /></div>
<div>
- Nhóm Thuận Kiều Plaza: các em liên hệ với Trương Nhiều 0983.424.503</div>
<div>
- Nhóm Nhà văn hóa thanh niên: các em liên hệ với Kiên 016797.03001</div>
<div>
- Nhóm Công ty Thái Bình: các em liên hệ Cường 01689110073</div>
<div>
<br />
Phiếu <b>Nhận xét của doanh nghiệp</b>, các em ghi thông tin họ tên, mssv... vào, nhờ các anh chỉ huy công trình (người hướng dẫn tại công trình) đánh giá và ký xác nhận.<br />
<br />
Các em đi công ty Lê Nguyên, tập hợp các phiếu lại, sáng thứ hai ngày 27/3/2017 xuống công ty xin đóng dấu.<br />
Các em đi công ty Thái Bình liên hệ với cô Chi để hẹn lịch lên xin dấu xác nhận của công ty</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Còn biểu mẫu (3) <b>Tự nhận xét của sinh viên đi thực tập</b>, các em thực hiện và nộp lại chung với quyển báo cáo ( nộp rời, không đóng vào quyển báo cáo)</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-32885904557412887522017-03-06T20:44:00.000+07:002017-03-06T20:44:04.856+07:00KHẮC PHỤC TÌNH TRẠNG MÀN HÌNH BỊ GIẬT - LAG KHI VẼ AUTOCADKhởi động AutoCAD<br />
Vào Tool , chọn Options (hoặc nhập lệnh OP từ bàn phím)<br />
Chọn thẻ Selection<br />
Chọn Visual Effect Settings<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgogqOPloO9Rt8xCjjANYWt1p22Rt2KNokcHQ8P3d2JJTIcbdm8gJFcGndBXoQ90DwEMRDR3Nz9qJ33Xq6oBrGoeCoiRrwKjprW5WT6uewI8fda2o8nhpzMLNDtoCyDlbWFJ_krLmJLj150/s1600/3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="502" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgogqOPloO9Rt8xCjjANYWt1p22Rt2KNokcHQ8P3d2JJTIcbdm8gJFcGndBXoQ90DwEMRDR3Nz9qJ33Xq6oBrGoeCoiRrwKjprW5WT6uewI8fda2o8nhpzMLNDtoCyDlbWFJ_krLmJLj150/s640/3.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqWL-PaqYYtIvGte6u1UnWU2HhuAditBifGmuKyaiq3IvQ6io7UEpn6bhyaDccLl1e5pfpxKTt4rMjWU6aY4idU0Cl0TV0JkrsBuroT1VR-dauBt07GpDnsqGaJpDGuEuUzq7QbIS8QhBq/s1600/4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="502" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqWL-PaqYYtIvGte6u1UnWU2HhuAditBifGmuKyaiq3IvQ6io7UEpn6bhyaDccLl1e5pfpxKTt4rMjWU6aY4idU0Cl0TV0JkrsBuroT1VR-dauBt07GpDnsqGaJpDGuEuUzq7QbIS8QhBq/s640/4.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
Mở AutoCAD, nhập lệnh 3DCONFIG. Trên hộp thoại Adaptive Degradation and Performance Tuning, chọn Manual Tune.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU2UUxoCGKS3idEbyprFF4EB50EsuJdfFFKe8T8k8RH0tZ8od9PQEI2RIbLn0TbKtSEhMFwiyEnPss-6VNof5ZCeVV90VmVJRQOCVKT6VYQM5xQRPIiWzSg5rq4D9dhXXjadXATCFT4BuP/s1600/5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU2UUxoCGKS3idEbyprFF4EB50EsuJdfFFKe8T8k8RH0tZ8od9PQEI2RIbLn0TbKtSEhMFwiyEnPss-6VNof5ZCeVV90VmVJRQOCVKT6VYQM5xQRPIiWzSg5rq4D9dhXXjadXATCFT4BuP/s640/5.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
Chọn Enable hardware acceleration<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHKaDvzrEHbMIovA3pHwGYGoYFrGBFWR5avVrBZse2CtXSvpB7JmaW9SajJA66bq0QTXVdXpes8HlQvB7QLmecWaW-wk0MPDIgHPoAdd99w3vofDw2UYDBuY9-Gp288KP4NdEQlaDnerw6/s1600/6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHKaDvzrEHbMIovA3pHwGYGoYFrGBFWR5avVrBZse2CtXSvpB7JmaW9SajJA66bq0QTXVdXpes8HlQvB7QLmecWaW-wk0MPDIgHPoAdd99w3vofDw2UYDBuY9-Gp288KP4NdEQlaDnerw6/s640/6.png" width="346" /></a></div>
<br />
Nhấn OK và bắt đầu vẽ.Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7460500715287293557.post-17050640759513933622017-03-06T20:31:00.002+07:002017-03-06T20:32:51.055+07:00HƯỚNG DẪN CÀI ĐẶT AUTOCAD 2013<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
Bản quyền các phần mềm so với sinh viên VN có giá khá cao, đôi khi ngoài tầm với. Vì vậy, chúng ta tạm chấp nhận sử dụng bản crack để phục vụ việc học tập. Khi có điều kiện tốt về kinh tế, các bạn nên mua bản quyền phần mềm để sử dụng được tối ưu những tính năng mà phần mềm cung cấp.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
Bạn có thể download phần mềm AutoCAD 2013 bản 32 bit hay 64 bit kèm full crack dễ dàng trên internet.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
Trước khi tiến hành cài đặt AutoCAD 2013, phảm đảm bảo máy tính của bạn đã cài NetFramework 4.0.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
Chạy file setup.exe . Thực hiện theo các bước được đánh số từ 1 đến 7 cho đến khi hoàn tất việc cài đặt (Finish)</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc0YrVoQj1PUmdxm3lPVzOZUGhWD7nSxl3BCyrQcJnDk_YseGYOOVR2spQgBXyVjHF0AfXfe9odu-LooyzFGYhf7VDnRC_QAZmqx3ubRqMrKAhyRBqiwcnIq73gP-2q1Vf7EMQKUAS6UMG/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc0YrVoQj1PUmdxm3lPVzOZUGhWD7nSxl3BCyrQcJnDk_YseGYOOVR2spQgBXyVjHF0AfXfe9odu-LooyzFGYhf7VDnRC_QAZmqx3ubRqMrKAhyRBqiwcnIq73gP-2q1Vf7EMQKUAS6UMG/s640/1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilnsxBqAkk-hBr4sWqC1gjm3bm0Dc92KwG36xDhbyFTu8IfAr2vk25eetKe1-NJpBSK2k09r8SSv-bfV1N4VqWlV29KdJTLU0d4W-AWDvj7cYPumvwXnItDkThJHeKsiT9vwjYDyvUFaxa/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilnsxBqAkk-hBr4sWqC1gjm3bm0Dc92KwG36xDhbyFTu8IfAr2vk25eetKe1-NJpBSK2k09r8SSv-bfV1N4VqWlV29KdJTLU0d4W-AWDvj7cYPumvwXnItDkThJHeKsiT9vwjYDyvUFaxa/s640/2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyn2c8C37ztGCgq_K-jyg0EF6i07lsOh4-pqVKlzyDMCkOOuvhWrxsnzq-yysUDjPepAYDJKUYDFFTiND3kTjMTTHM1N124fWsiQZ6-2oAimWlPGm-JWOx_MoEfCRVSJZQS_pC4HtG8-bc/s1600/2a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyn2c8C37ztGCgq_K-jyg0EF6i07lsOh4-pqVKlzyDMCkOOuvhWrxsnzq-yysUDjPepAYDJKUYDFFTiND3kTjMTTHM1N124fWsiQZ6-2oAimWlPGm-JWOx_MoEfCRVSJZQS_pC4HtG8-bc/s640/2a.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFyqKjguCxIlDVR27rhebV3Qo31Qb_U4TVuQ5UUPsHLxq57eNg16iYl1TN41WXgtgtITYemG9jKa5ocCOXMiGchdpJgC2x239JwAXSJaCIUX94MFbrom0I2o00n7eXIcgMXYvG33V5Ft6v/s1600/3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFyqKjguCxIlDVR27rhebV3Qo31Qb_U4TVuQ5UUPsHLxq57eNg16iYl1TN41WXgtgtITYemG9jKa5ocCOXMiGchdpJgC2x239JwAXSJaCIUX94MFbrom0I2o00n7eXIcgMXYvG33V5Ft6v/s640/3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBYxPUyoNNNYgxKoD10rp3n1SHiqVFAH1KzyXhf6IL89H-4dD36moHR6m6-keUObh46i7f_1g2ZV-Vb3_VYs2XkFgWQlxl6adUJgRQsvRjGWSNRsvhnVvIKuabRaZ8BnajPfPvGg3at2lR/s1600/1a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBYxPUyoNNNYgxKoD10rp3n1SHiqVFAH1KzyXhf6IL89H-4dD36moHR6m6-keUObh46i7f_1g2ZV-Vb3_VYs2XkFgWQlxl6adUJgRQsvRjGWSNRsvhnVvIKuabRaZ8BnajPfPvGg3at2lR/s640/1a.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3qtDTjuULUjaMXE-2N0Zgij7d3ThzUY3FEk-SZkOcba8ZLhH3vIfiyzhfJMw_Js3SiEmx8KPj1D4klCx6rSP3HsQndyGfjA-rzkFALlYYXSB7E-TWdHJmjKLRBde7SZ6MQeg6SxvCHGYz/s1600/4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3qtDTjuULUjaMXE-2N0Zgij7d3ThzUY3FEk-SZkOcba8ZLhH3vIfiyzhfJMw_Js3SiEmx8KPj1D4klCx6rSP3HsQndyGfjA-rzkFALlYYXSB7E-TWdHJmjKLRBde7SZ6MQeg6SxvCHGYz/s640/4.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL2GgjhQeavW5gbk-060DGbLsDQeWUYMnWwdX6p97Zy52eYV-hrV2TfgNopfU5QmTJTcXZ18QNvsRy1KsyK-J9oZ3jkgWiGYeB6PFohLnUdeS9GK8KYXBIFVX2io_SIfEJv0FtCRVjyQVC/s1600/6862540672_f4351bc434_b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL2GgjhQeavW5gbk-060DGbLsDQeWUYMnWwdX6p97Zy52eYV-hrV2TfgNopfU5QmTJTcXZ18QNvsRy1KsyK-J9oZ3jkgWiGYeB6PFohLnUdeS9GK8KYXBIFVX2io_SIfEJv0FtCRVjyQVC/s640/6862540672_f4351bc434_b.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<b><span style="color: red;">HƯỚNG DẪN CRACK AUTOCAD 2013</span></b><br />
Sau khi cài đặt AutoCAD, khởi động phần mềm AutoCAD bạn sẽ có 2 lựa chọn: TRIAL (Dùng thử trong 30 ngày), và Active (kích hoạt). Nếu sử dụng bản quyền, bạn sẽ có KEY của nhà cung cấp, chuyện đó quá đơn giản. Nhưng nếu Crack thì bạn sẽ phải thực hiện thêm một công đoạn sau.<br />
<br />
- COPY thư mục CRACK ra ngoài desktop (Nếu để file CRACK chung với thư mục cài đặt, sẽ bị lỗi)<br />
<br />
- Ngắt kết nối Internet<br />
<br />
- Chạy chương trình AutoCAD, chọn Activate.<br />
<br />
- Chạy<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijawdFOMIxf6Nn7F-6KZFxkwAY6koliqeghW6U4fuqLK5IAxJce-TidHLW88a6zotUcsLu07avaiy2L9cVXv0rnruyiR8QSVfxE8PPR53zgoEV02m138Kg31GZpF5ymj3HGXh5yu4E_XHH/s1600/5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijawdFOMIxf6Nn7F-6KZFxkwAY6koliqeghW6U4fuqLK5IAxJce-TidHLW88a6zotUcsLu07avaiy2L9cVXv0rnruyiR8QSVfxE8PPR53zgoEV02m138Kg31GZpF5ymj3HGXh5yu4E_XHH/s640/5.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
1. Chọn I have an activation code from autodesk<br />
<br />
2. Copy Request code, dán vào ô Request.<br />
<br />
3. Nhấn nút Patch<br />
<br />
4. Nhấn Generate<br />
<br />
5. Copy đoạn code trong ô Activation dán vào ô số 7<br />
<br />
Nhấn next hoàn tất việc crack<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoBpbQPVyIq7ZPra095BH9ApBwU1D_YCj-62GT9hcz3HkiqMu59v5E8Gd3sw-LDaF-qrMF4eEzvaOKgQ2FNVPgcM__ZV9pml5Ac3csK-0ZgEtXCYjkc-hpD_yJhwIWlPTtzoZbtXCuWXXg/s1600/6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="584" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoBpbQPVyIq7ZPra095BH9ApBwU1D_YCj-62GT9hcz3HkiqMu59v5E8Gd3sw-LDaF-qrMF4eEzvaOKgQ2FNVPgcM__ZV9pml5Ac3csK-0ZgEtXCYjkc-hpD_yJhwIWlPTtzoZbtXCuWXXg/s640/6.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig9Z4GoR7MUzrTCIScqeiQ3SFuBhlgsp22VoMl0zdVzfstH5pTqQTFVQHuhJ9DWLybPDSgbbuMxk8F0NhF7kTisddr1Lio-zgAynqsmOJ3qvnOjY68FwgirgW_gE-jxqKeCFEZAWpsRWL8/s1600/7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="584" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig9Z4GoR7MUzrTCIScqeiQ3SFuBhlgsp22VoMl0zdVzfstH5pTqQTFVQHuhJ9DWLybPDSgbbuMxk8F0NhF7kTisddr1Lio-zgAynqsmOJ3qvnOjY68FwgirgW_gE-jxqKeCFEZAWpsRWL8/s640/7.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<i><br /></i>
<i>Bài viết có sử dụng hình ảnh trên http://iforum.vn</i>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03565324437239614966noreply@blogger.com